Mary Schwartz and Beach Electrical Systems Case Study

Mary Schwartz and Beach Electrical Systems - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Mary’s absences pose many problems to the organization. Under social learning theory, employees will model behaviors of those in the workplace that they witness receiving reward or punishment. Since Mary was never even given a warning for her past experience, there are risks that employees will model her behaviors. She was considered a credible role model and under social learning theory, employees might reproduce her behaviors believing they can also get away with higher absences. There is one problem, though. Mary’s excellent employment record is documented with employee appraisals. This means that in her employment file there is evidence that she is a model employee. This could make it more difficult for the organization to develop a case against her termination. It is only the opinion of the management team that she has suddenly failed to meet performance expectations. This can be easily challenged by her many merits in her employment file for performance success. From the point of view of the organization, the past employment record should not have anything to do with her being terminated today. However, legally, Mary has much support for winning an argument that she was wrongly terminated based on her track record. Due to her current negative attitude and ongoing absences, the business has the ethical right to terminate her employment. The Health and Safety Executive warns that it is not good practice for companies to make assumptions about what causes an employee to be absent. This is because there are many laws established that protect her. Mary is a protected class employee under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and this makes the situation even more sensitive. However, from the organizational view, the business requires individuals who are team-focused and ready to contribute to meeting performance standards and strategic goals.

Law Enforcement Essay Example for Free

Law Enforcement Essay Abstract This research paper shall discuss the duties, the responsibilities and requirements of becoming a Federal Bureau of Investigator. It will also discuss the foundation and accomplishment of the Federal Bureau Investigation. Becoming an FBI agent is probably hard for some people because it takes a lot of dedicated time and motivation to achieve. There are steps in this field that you should apply yourself to do in order to succeed. Once you are inside the field you will enjoy doing what you love to best which is saving and protecting American Citizens from harm. This field has to be something that you are willing to commit yourself to do at all time. Introduction What interested me about becoming an FBI agent is that it involves an extensive amount of traveling around the country, which allows me to visit different places; in addition to learning about different cultures and their government. Another thing that interests me about becoming an agent is that they investigate a variety of different cases from national security and federal law, criminal activity such as bank robberies , terrorism, missing children, organize crime and drug trafficking, which gives me a great deal of experience on investigating cases. Furthermore, becoming a FBI agent gives me the opportunity to gain knowledge about variety of different  sectors within the law enforcements field. Historical Overview Today in America people don’t understand the importance of the Federal Bureau of investigation and how much of a help they are. In 1892, most Americans who held positions within Law Enforcement didn’t take their job as serious as they do now, due to the fact that they were more worried about being known to the public rather than solving crimes. That later changed when Theodore Roosevelt became President. President Roosevelt along with appointed Attorney General Charles Bonaparte had put together and formed Bureau of Investigation special agent’s task force in 1908 (FBI). Once the Bureau of Investigation was established, they began investigating violation laws such as national banking, bankruptcy, naturalization, antitrust, peonage and fraud (FBI). By June 1910 the Bureau’s jurisdictions had its first major expansion, which was also the year when the White Slave act was passed; The White Slave act allows the federal government the right to investigate criminals who evaded state laws but had no other federal violations and it became a crime to transport females across the state line for morally wrong purposes (FBI). By the 1920’s new requirements were made. Prospective agents had to go through a training course, and agents had to be the age of twenty- five through thirty five (FBI). During the great depression in the United States crimes had gotten out of control, therefore the Department of Justice’s Investigator had issued their first Law Enforcement Bulletin, which later became the FBI Fugitives Wanted list (FBI). On July 1, 1932, the Bureau of Investigation was renamed the United States of Investigation; A year later in July of 1933 the Department of Justice’s Investigator was changed to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI carried out investigations of all threats when they felt it was a threat to the National Security. By the time 1940’s the FBI had stepped in on a Sabotage Investigation trying to capture four Germany men who placed explosive bombs on the beaches of Amagansett, Long Island and Ponte Vedra Beach in Florida (Wagner). They also were supposed to place explosive bombs in public for the next six weeks. George Dashch, one of the German agents who had turned himself in to the FBI and told the Germany’s plans of bombing some parts of U.S, because he was scared of going to prison for life in the  United States (Wagner). He helped the FBI capture eight Germany Saboteurs and their case became one of the biggest cases in history, because they stopped Germany’s Saboteurs from returning (Wagner). In the 1960’s the Civil Rights Act was passed and the FBI got involved to stop the violence with the Ku Klux Klan, the Black Panthers and other protesters (Wagner). They were to help solve murder cases that involved civil rights violations. Around the time in 1970 Director Kelley got involved to help the public trust in the FBI as well as in the law enforcement; he made numerous changes during his time and targeted the training and selection of FBI and the law enforcement leaders, the procedures of investigation intelligence collection and the prioritizing of criminal programs (FBI). During his term he made it a goal to have more women involved in the FBI. After Kelley resigned Judge William Webster took his place. While he was in office the FBI started to use laser technology to detect fingerprints on crimes scenes he also expanded the effort in the foreign counterintelligence, organized crime and white collar crime (FBI). In his time the FBI solved so many cases. FBI laboratory helped the FBI find their criminals fingerprints on a crime scene. For decades Federal Bureau Investigations has spent years trying to protect the United Stated from terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, they were committed to their values and core beliefs. P rimary Mission FBI Agents mission is to protect the United States citizen from terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to provide leadership and criminal justice service to the federal Government, the international agencies and partners (Wagner). Their mission is to bring Justice to those who break the laws in the United States. Diversity of Jobs The FBI is a very diverse field to work in, because the people they employ come from different educational and career backgrounds. Such as lawyers, doctor, accountants, photographers, police officers, etc and their diversity continue to grow. African Americans and Hispanics make up twenty- five percent of FBI employees and women make up forty-five percent. Jurisdictional Authority There are severely other important Federal Law Enforcement agencies, but the  Federal Bureau of Investigation is the best known agency in the Federal Level. The FBI is involved on seven different types of investigation such as counterterrorism, financial crimes, corruption investigation, and Civil Rights (Harmon). The FBI conducts investigation on groups that have hatred towards other races or genders, Foreign Counterintelligence, organized crime and narcotics, violent crimes like bank robbers and application for sensitive government positions. Hiring Requirements In order to become a Federal of Bureau Investigator there are several steps you have to go through. You must be a U.S citizen between the ages of twenty- three through thirty seven with a valid license, your eye sight must be 20/20 and 20/40 (Harmon). To get accepted in the FBI you have to pass the exam that’s given as well as do a background check. As far a resume and reference they have to talk to your past employers as well as talk to your family, friends, and colleagues, this can take up to four months for the process to finish (Harmon). If you are accepted you will do 600 hours in training in 15 weeks at the FBI Academy Quantico, Virginia (Harmon). Where you will learn how to gather evidence, case investigation, they study behavior science, master in certain computers science and learn self-defense technique (Harmon). Trainers will also learn how to recognize firearms as well use them and they must become good enough to hit a target 50 yards away (Harmon). After training you will be assigned your first case if you qualified. Top three Greatest Challenges One of the top challenges the FBI deals with is working long hour shifts by spending numerous hours at work or staking out in vehicles. They spend long shift hours on cases trying to figure the cause on why the incident happened or how can they stop the incident. Another challenge would be traveling all over the United States trying to gather information about your case and how you prevent it from happening. The last challenge would be dedicating all your time to your job and having to spend less time with your family, from being so involved with your case which takes up the majority of your time. Your Personal Critique I feel that the FBI would be a good field for me to help protect my country  from any harm. I feel that working for the FBI is a very demanding job, that you have to commit to and I’m a very dedicated and motivated person that likes challenges and love helping others. I feel that becoming an FBI agent would be a great field for me to work in because I can do what I love as well as protecting my country Conclusion In Conclusion by doing all this back ground research on Federal Bureau of Investigation I found that they are the number one Law Enforcement agency that is called upon to respond to terrorism and participation of bills that are being passed. They handle a number of different units around the world such as missing children, national security, banking fraud or violent crimes unlike police officers who just handles local crimes, their always involved in crimes to help protect the United States. References FBI. (n.d.). Retrieved from website: http://www.fbi.gov/ Harmon, E. D. (2001). The fbi (Crime, Justice and Punishment). Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Publishers. Wagner, H. (2007). The federal bureau of investigation. New York: Infobase Publishing.

Organisations and People Management Report Nationwide Building Society

Organisations and People Management Report Nationwide Building Society Nationwide is Worlds largest Building Society and one of the major players in the U.K. banking sector. Having one of the seven group members as an employee of Nationwide Building Society, this management report has been developed to critically evaluate certain aspects of Nationwide. In this report, we have wished to brief our readers about Nationwides business strategy, structure, culture, management and leadership. This will be followed by a conclusion of the groups review about the chosen organization and finally certain recommendations will be made. Index Contents Page 1. Introduction a. Terms of reference 3 b. Background 3 2. Methods a. Data collection methods 4 b. Issues and challenges 4 c. Analysis 4 3. Results a. Overview of corporate strategy business goals 5 b. Explanation of organisational structure 8 c. Analysis of organisational culture 11 d. Critical evaluation of Management Leadership practices 14 4. To end with a. SWOT analysis 17 b. Recommendations 18 c. Conclusions 18 5. References 20 6. Appendix-1 22 7. Appendix-2 23 8. Appendix-3 24 Organisations People Management Report Introduction Terms of reference: This report aims at providing an overview of Nationwide Building Society and critically evaluates its business strategy, structure, culture, leadership and management. The findings shall present some key features of the organization. Some recommendations provided at the end shall help the management of Nationwide to improve certain practices. Background: Nationwide Building Society, started its journey back in 1946 as carrying the name Provident Union Building Society in Ramsbury, Wiltshire, in 1848 it moved in Northampton as the Northampton Town and Country Freehold Land Society and finally in London as Co-operative Permanent Building society in 1884. Thriving on well-over 160 years glorious history and over hundred mergers, it has become the third largest mortgage provider and second largest savings provider in the UK. More significantly, Nationwide is the largest building society in the world (History (Nationwide Building Society, 2010)). Today Nationwides portfolio consists of over fourteen million customers, total assets over  £200 billion and over 900 outlets countrywide. Being the largest building society in the world (Corporate Responsibility report, 2008/09) Nationwide also thrives with its mutual heritage which made the enterprise unique among other financial industries in the marketplace. The CEO, Graham Beale described Nationwide Building Society in the following way in Corporate Responsibility report (2008/09, p.2): Being a building society makes us fundamentally different from the big banks we compete with. We dont have shareholders, we are owned by our members. So you set our agenda. Methods Data collection methods: To make this venture less difficult, we had an early start with regular group meetings every Wednesday 4pm at room M5 or Main Arts building. Minutes for each meet were maintained. In-depth qualitative and few quantitative data were obtained through a personal interview with a senior Branch Manager, personal observation (and one of our group members personal experiences as a nationwide employee), internet and company publications. Theory and ideas were culled from several books, journals and websites. Issues and challenges: This report is the product of combined efforts of all our hearts and minds and has been framed within a month. Due to limited time and fund, we could gain access to mostly branch level information. After a struggle for appointment, we had been able to explore Nationwide through a senior Branch Manager at local branch. No sensitive questions were asked and no rules were violated during the research process. Analysis: A pure qualitative analysis has been made with a combination of exploratory and descriptive approach using the following process suggested by Saunders et al (2009, p. 489-490) Summarizing : condensation of meanings Categorization : grouping of meanings Structuring: Ordering of meanings using narrative. Results Missions: To describe companys mission large companies publish a statement called mission statement which comprises of organisations purpose and general direction that they are going to follow, its guiding values, principals and goals (Lynch, 2000). Adcock et al. (1995, p.298) provide a comprehensive description on business organisations mission statement which as follows: A mission statement indicates how that organisation intends to fulfil main business objectives while recognising the legitimate interests of other stakeholders such as customers, employees, suppliers, and the communities in which the organisation operates. Hence the mission statement carries a significant value for the organisation in terms of companys business, service, and goals; it has to be dynamic, transparent and easy to understand by all classes of stakeholders, otherwise it could create a confusion among colleagues and customers alike (Trapp, 1999). In light of above argument Nationwides mission statement is below: As a UK based mutual we exist solely for the benefit of our members. We help them and their families meet their financial needs in a sustainable, responsible and secure way as we have done since 1846, in a manner that is open, honest, and fair. (Corporate Responsibility report, 2008/09, p4) Since a financial organisation, Nationwide clearly visualizes its mission by aforementioned statement; which is dynamic, transparent and easily understandable to all; especially about its history (1846), organisation structure (mutual), services (financial needs), qualities (sustainable, responsible and secure), accountability (members) and business strategy (open, honest and fair) and goal (meeting customers financial needs). Nationwides intention is not only generating asset and profit from the business, but also sharing its profit and providing world class financial services to better off its customers in an open, honest, fair and amicable atmosphere; where customers feel valued and secured to conduct their financial businesses. Goals: Mullins (2002, p126) describes the goals of an organisation are the reason for its existence. The activities of the organisation are directed to the attainment of its goals. A goal is a future expectation, some desired future state. It is something the organisation is striving to accomplish. Goals can be described number of ways; such as, the overall purposes of an organisation, the execution of specific requirements, and so on. The core difference between functions and goals of an organisation is, goals are more specific and they are determined by the inputs and outputs of that organisation. Goals can also be named as objectives that every organisation tends to achieve (Mullins, 2002). Goals create a number of functions for the organisation to accomplish. Such as firstly, goals provide a certain standard in organisational structure which help the staff-members to figure out the way of performing their necessary activities, and also help the management to find out the right direction of planning and decision-making towards success. Secondly, goals help to determine the technology that will be compatible with organisations structure to perform all activities securely and smoothly. Thirdly, goals can help reward systems to motivate and drive staff-members of the organisation to accomplish their individual and group tasks. Finally, goals can represent the organisation to the external clients; can evaluate the organisation for further improvement (products and services); also can help to set objectives as well as policies for the organisation (Kast and Rosenzweig, 1985). Being a financial organisation, Nationwide sets up its corporate goals on annual basis (April to following years March). Every year they run a seminar, called Employee Corporate Cascade to indicate corporate plans and goals. According to Employee Corporate Cascade conference presentation (2010) Nationwide declared its business goals based on customer, market positioning, income, profitability, efficiency, capital and liquidity which are as follows: Becoming number-one in customer service satisfaction position; Keeping position on as third largest mortgage and savings provider, obtaining 10% of main current account and 5% of other products provider in the whole UK retail banking market and generating profit contribution of  £50m+ for each business line; Generating Non-margin profit by 50%; Raising  £1bn+ profit in year 2010/11; Gaining cost income ratio 49%; Maintaining core tier1 (a regulation implemented by Bank for International Settlements on banks capital adequacy requirement to continue its business) solvency ratio of 12% or more. Comply with Individual Liquidity Guidance. Above goals are clearly drawing a sketch on Nationwides future and desired expectations; which will assist the management to frame out proper business strategies towards achieving its goals. Business strategy: According to Huczynski and Buchanan (2007, p 524), the direction in which an organisation moves is influenced by the decisions that are made about its strategy. Business strategy is a part of the corporate strategy of the company which related to companys business divisions. Tilles (1969) discuses the importance of having an explicit business strategy to expand the company, he explains without having a certain strategy it is difficult to integrate co-ordinated action with industrial effort. In addition, there are number of other good reasons for company to have an explicit business strategy. Firstly, for making people to or-ordinate each-other to achieve goals with mutual effort; secondly, for changing companys environmental conditions (Mullins, 2002). Without a proper business strategy the company runs like a ship without a captain; nobody knows where to go and what to do. In that situation members of the company may start working cross-purposes; top management may not be able to communicate with lower management who is suppose to drive the employees to set up their target towards the goal. If company continues in absence of a proper business strategy, the survival of that company may be in question. However creative effort is necessary to create a strategy; moreover, to make a strategy successful it may require adapting different methods in behaviour as well as basic change in the way of interactions among managers (Johnson and Scholes, 1998). Being the largest building society in the world, Nationwide is always well ahead with its business strategy which is one of the main instruments of its ongoing glorious success. Nationwides vision is to plan ahead for longer period rather than shorter term, because in short period of time the implementation of new strategy may not acquire proper success. However, Nationwides managers follow a flexible attitude in their business strategy; as they may amend the strategy if necessary. According to Corporate Responsibility report, 2008/09, in September 2009, Nationwide has set up its three years business strategy which includes three core strands. Such as: becoming the full service provider (for, mortgages, lending, savings, consumer banking, insurance, investments, protection and wealth planning); becoming a challenger brand in the U.K. financial market; offering traditional mutual (member-oriented) delivery model in business. From above discussion, it is tangible that Nationwides business strategy is absolutely explicit about what they want to achieve; which helps managers and employees to plan towards its goals and acquiring the successes accordingly. Organisational Structure Various academic literatures have defined the term organizational structure in various ways: As a framework in which organizations achieve their goals or as a division of activities in an organization and how they can be coordinated. However despite these varying views, most cooperate organizations will agree that structures exits to maintain procedures. According to (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007, p.446)the definition of a structure is a formal system of task and reporting relationship that control, coordinates and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve organizational goals. Mullins (2002, p.530) also defines it as the pattern of relationships among positions in the organization and among members of the organization. Structure makes possible the application of the process of management and creates a framework of order and command to which the activities of the organization can be planned, organized, directed and controlled. Martinsons and Martinsons (1994) say ther e are three types of organizational structure; Functional, Divisional and Matrix Organizational Structure, in which one of these structures is relevant to Nationwide. Functional Structure: This structure depends on groups functions that are present in an organization. This type of structure originates from the beaucratic structure. It is most affective when there is division of work in the organization. Whats more this kind of structure creates the environment for specialization which helps in the functional areas and which helps to smoothen the progress of synchronization among its members (Martinsons and Martinsons, 1994). Divisional Structure: It is adopted by firms when they want to broaden their business and spread their product line. Based upon its different product or market, the company divides into separate units. Pascale (1990) explains the company breaks upon its operations into manageable units or little companies, which then operates under a mechanistic structure. Matrix Structure: This employs both the functional and divisional type of structures allowing a downwards control of its functional departments and coordination of its department. Since its a hybrid of two structures, it has two lines of authority with employees reporting to two bosses. (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007) Organizational structure helps in identifying the pattern of communication in an organization. The existence of a structure communicates the rules and regulations to the employees, as they are informed as to what is required of them in relation to their jobs. It also makes clear the rewards that are available to deserving employees, in terms of promotion etc. as well as elaborating the goals and objectives of the organization. Secondly, structures also identify authority and responsibilities associated with it by clarifying who makes the decision and who is accountable to whom. Decision making and information sharing is effectively carried out with the appropriate structures in place. When decisions are taken from top management, it is easily dropped down to the lower level management. In the same way the feedback from employees and lower levels easily get back to top management, which leads to job satisfaction. Finally, when the right organizational structure is implemented, it serves as a source of competitive advantage that can accrue economic efficiency and productivity for the organization. As rightly said by Drucker (1989, p.223) Good organization structure does not by itself produce good performance. But a poor organizational structure make good performance impossible, no matter how good individual managers may beà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.to improve organizational structure there for improve performance. Nationwide as an organization believes and recognizes the need to have a good structure to increase productivity and profitability. This is captured in Nationwide Chief Executives annual meeting report. There is no doubt that strong management and sound leadership really make a difference and are important qualities to get right in an executive team. Having the right structure in place to support the delivery of our corporate plan is critically important to our success (Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008/09). Please see Appendix-1 2 for full Organizational Structure Chart and current Management Structure of Nationwide. Nationwide is a mutual society, with its Headquarters in the U.K. It is one of the largest financial companies which deal with a number of profitable products with different customers. Nationwide as an organization implements the Functional form of structure. In this structure there are a number of boards of directors who play key role in the management of Nationwide, but do not interfere in the day to day activities of the society. They deal with major issues concerning Nationwide when it is deemed necessary. However, when it comes to the day to day running of Nationwide the Chief Executive is the one with such responsibility, he occupies the highest position in the hierarchy, with a number of executive directors who are accountable to him. They are, Chris Rhodes (Executive Director Group Product Marketing), Matthew Wyles (Executive Director Group Distribution), David Rigney (Executive Director Group Operations), Mark Remison (Executive Director Group Finance), Tony Prestedge (Executive Director Group Development) and Maxine Taylor (Divisional Director Corporate Affairs) (Management (Nationwide Building Society, 2010)). Beneath these departments are sub units, however attention will be given to the Executive Director and Group Distribution Department and its sub units, since the structure is the same for the various departments. This department has the Divisional Director who operates Branch Network, with assistance of the Regional Directors, Area Directors, District sales Managers and Branch Managers. All work at different levels of the hierarchy as represented by the organizational chart in Appendix-1. This enables Nationwide to assess how well these sub units perform; and if performance doesnt show satisfactory, managers can decide to take right approaches that need to be taken. Functions of key Departments: The Cooperate office headed by Maxine Taylor have the responsibilities of ensuring Nationwides vision, its strategy, goals, values and plans so that it workers can be motivated to give of their best performance. In its media relation and member engagements, it is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the name and image of Nationwide is well managed in the media, as Nationwide is U.Ks largest building society. This department also manages the Nationwide Foundation charity for the community, as it is committed in making a difference to peoples life. Nationwides Group Finance and Risk with Mark Rennison as the Executive Director are keen to ensuring that their financial objectives are achieved within the set time frame. This they do by ensuring that the Society performs favorably in the financial market and also managing any risk that may arise. They also look out for opportunities such as partnership, merger, and acquisition by investigating the financial benefits before any corporate decisions are taken. Division of Labor and Communication: In Nationwide each department has its own policies to control its day to day activities, even though rules are regulated from the top of the hierarchy. This enables the various managers to take charge of their departments, with the subordinates in those departments accountable to them. This type of structure allows the different departments to function independently but then reports directly to the CEO. The structure also enhances the communication pattern in Nationwide by enabling the various departments at all levels to engage in decision making and problem solving process. Coordination: In Nationwide, each department has given the autonomy to carry out its activities. However, each director in his given department is responsible for coordinating these various activities in his/her department in order to be productive. Nationwide has the Group Product and Marketing Department headed by Chris Rhodes. This department has the sole responsibility of developing products that will add value and meet the needs and expectations of their customers; thus the department needs to coordinate the various activities of its sub units .i.e. Banking, Lending, Investment, Insurance, Business Strategy Marketing Division in a harmonious manner, to achieve its departmental goals.. Organizational Culture For all of the enterprises the organizational culture has been regarded as one of the core competitiveness of corporation. It plays an important role in the process of construction and development of enterprises. As a rising management concept, the organizational culture can determine and influence the behavior of their workforce, members and visitors. Distinctive ethos of enterprises which include the values, beliefs and various patterns of behavior that forms in a long-term development of corporation. It endows the enterprises with vital force which can be a basic element that makes corporation survive, develop and become stronger in the future. However, the meanings of organizational culture may very in different enterprises. Generally, organizational culture can be defined as the collection of relatively uniform and enduring values, beliefs, customs, traditions and practices; which are shared by an organizations members, learned by new recruits and transmitted from one generation of employees to the next (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007, p. 623). Additionally, in Scheins (1985) Three Levels of Culture theory, the organizational culture can be considered from three levels which include the following steps: Surface manifestation of culture: The surface manifestation of culture is a visible form of culture which can be seen, heard or felt (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007, p. 625). For instance, the visible form of culture can be regarded as the organizational structure, system, and procedure which can be a norm of organization to condition or influence the behavior of employees. As the most reachable aspect that can be observed by people, the surface manifestation of culture can also help enterprises to transmit a message to their members, visitors and customers by the operating direction, the societal image and the belief of the organization (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2007). In the case of Nationwide, the surface manifestation of culture can be reflected by their operating direction. Nationwide offers products and services including savings, current accounts, loans, mortgages, insurance and so on, which belongs to banking and financial services culture. Moreover, being a mutual organization, Nationwide has its particular corporate banking and financial culture which has been reflected in its aforementioned mission statement. Therefore, the core element which makes Nationwide quite different from any other banking organizations is the meaning of the members. The meaning of members can be explained as that once a person opens an account, he or she becomes the member of Nationwide. Hence Nationwide always considers its customers first due to its mutuality model because Nationwide does not have any shareholder and is oriented by its members. Therefore the goal of its operation is to generate profit and share that profit among the members offering world-class service, cheaper rate on borrowing, more return in investment and so on. According to the chart-1, it is tangible that Nationwides culture based on its CR strategy which comprises of four core elements. Such as, first: improving customers financial capability and become a responsible lender; second: supporting, helping and encouraging members in housing; third: implementing ethical choice in business to save environment, in particular reducing carbon foo tprint; fourth: engaging employees and members to support communities. Chart-1: Nationwides Corporate Responsibility Strategy The corporate values: The corporate values are the core of enterprise culture. It can be defined as operating philosophies or principles that guide enterprises internal conducts as well as its relationship with the external world. Core values are often shown in the mission statement. Based on Scheins (1985) three levels of culture, organizational values have been deemed as the second level which comprises of all sorts of public advocacy values; including mission, purpose, behaviors and standards which support the surface manifestation level. In addition, Peters and Waterman (1982) pointed out that values always combine with enterprise success and many relevant important elements which are staffs, skills, style and strategy. At the same time, values are offered a general direction for all the staffs and affect their behaviors. At Nationwide, one of the specific features is its mutuality. A mutual organization is based on the principle of mutuality. Unlike the co-operative society, members in mutual organization usually do not contribute any fund to the corporate directly; nevertheless the members derive their rights towards profits. Over 160 years of development, Nationwide has become a powerful society. Due to modern mutuality, it forms its unique traditional values to the customers. Banks pay back millions to their shareholders, where as Nationwide shares millions with its customers. Nationwide operates its strong organizational culture called Putting customers first which is based on five distinct values (Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008/09): Open: The Company is an inclusive organization membership that is open to all, and all of their members have a say in how the company run. Nationwide arranges the annual general meeting (AGM) every year which ask for members to take part to express their opinion. Each member can do this by voting on a series of issues. Fair: Nationwide treats customers fairly by offering better rewards those who entrust company with more of their businesses. Responsible: Nationwides business model is low risk, stable and sustainable. They safeguard customers money and data at all times. Unlike traditional business model of investment banks, Nationwide pursuits of low risk and stable in the process of development. Committed: Going the extra mile and taking level best care of customers are traditions of Nationwide. Nationwide always keep its promises, In Corporate Responsibility Report 2008/09, CEO, Graham Beale mentioned we say what we are going to do and then do it. Adult to adult: Nationwide believe in adult relationships. They dont patronize, rather they treat people as equal. Due to the modern mutual with values, customers are also owners who always reserve some special rights, notably the voting right. These are rights that people dont have if they are only customers of other ordinary bank. Customers in Nationwide have the opportunity to assist shaping how Nationwide to run. Each customer can observe whether Nationwide is treating customers equally and offers fairness, low risk, stability, sustainability in its products and services. The core value is obviously that putting customers first in Nationwide. Organizational Management Business Dictionary (2010) defines Management as Organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of clearly defined objectives. It includes the functions of POSDCORB (Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Co-ordinating, Reporting and Budgeting) and also managing the organizational culture and structure discussed previously. Often seen as one of the factor of production, the approach to management adopted differs with the size and function of the organization. Except the military and a few government and private bodies, most companies today are following the modern approach to management due to the various drawbacks of traditional management style like strict result orientation, use of fear force to get the work done, no care or importance given to employees interests, well-being and so on. Now the companies understand that the basic function of management of any service organization like a bank revolves rou nd the well being of the human resources both the officers and workmen staff  working within. (Sen Gupta, 2009) Banking is one of the most prominent among the 12 services classified under the services definition of GATS (General Agreement on Trade of Services). Nationwide certainly has a good hand over banking and being a large sized Building Society, its day-to-day management is primarily in the hands of the senior management team along with a large number of committees all under the power of the Board of Directors. The policies formulated by this Board of directors are implemented by the Chief Executive. With Centralized decision making in place, Nationwide takes good care of its employees and makes sure that they retain the best ones permanently. (Read Bolton and Gold, 1995, Career management at Nationwide Building Society using a soft systems approach.) Simple motivational techniques like praising the employees for the job saying well done; providing training when the performance is not satisfactory; offering good working conditions and facilities; running employee welfare programs; sendin g  £30 as Christmas surprise gift to every employee; and even a simple thank you makes a considerable difference in their performance. Another factor influencing the performance of a building society is market competition which has intensified over time especially in terms of savings and mortgages. Snape, et al. (1993) suggested the integration of business strategy and human resource strategy as a solution to this problem. They also mentioned that a more dynamic market, with a stronger emphasis on sales performance, placed new demands on employees, and many societies responded by espousing the ideals of human resource management. Bartel (2000) in her study confirms that Human resource management related actions have the potential to improve branch level performance in banking industry, but concludes by saying that even though all managers in a bank are given a formal set of human resource policies, they appear to have considerable discretion in their application. A lot of organizational performance also depends on the type of leader; his practices and they way groups are made and function. Groups in Nationwide: According to Nationwide Corporate Responsibility Report, 2008-09, Nationwide is classified into a large number of groups ranging from Branch Network, Intermediary Sales and Corporate Accounts, Business Planning and Research, Internet Channels, Telephone Channels, Channel Integration, Integration and Operations, Regional Brands and Regional Brands Branch Network. The Product and Marketing Division works in close liaison with these teams to build a high performance culture as the teams pull out all the stops to deliver an outstanding customer experience. These teams work in isolation towards achieving vital synergies that lead to significant reduction in their costs and improvement in sales performance. Leadership Business Dictionary (2010) def

Sex Chromosomes Essay -- Biology, Heterothallic Fungi

The mechanisms responsible for the origin and maintenance of large non-recombining regions on sex chromosomes have been mostly studied in plants and animals, but the recent discovery of similar features on the fungal chromosomes carrying mating type genes in several species may shed new light on this phenomenon (Fraser et al. 2004). Sex chromosomes in plants and animals have evolved from an autosomal pair by the expansion of the non-recombining region around complementary genes determining sex-specific functions (Bergero and Charlesworth 2009). Such a multi-step expansion of the non-recombining regions in sex chromosomes, forming â€Å"evolutionary strata† (Lahn and Page 1999), is usually explained by the recruitment of genes determining sexually antagonistic traits (i.e. beneficial in males and deleterious in females, or conversely), via a selection for linkage to the sex-determining genes (Rice 1987, Charlesworth 2005). Selective forces driving the evolution of non-recomb ining regions are however likely to be different in fungi as cells of different mating types exhibit little phenotypic differences. In heterothallic fungi, syngamy can only occur between haploid cells carrying different alleles at the mating type genes, while in homothallic fungi, no such differences are required, allowing universal compatibility (Billiard et al. 2011). The two main fungal phyla have different mating type genes and organization: a single locus controls mating type in ascomycetes against two loci in basidiomycetes (i.e. haploid cells should carry different alleles at both loci for successful mating). One of the two loci controlling mating types in basidiomycetes encodes pheromones and pheromone receptors involved in syngamy while the other locus... ...Smith et al. 2004) and Cryptococcus neoformans (Wang et al. 2002). In R. toluroides, the gene encoding ste20 is surrounded with genes encoding pheromones (Coelho et al. 2008). Other genes, such as the abc1, with more elusive role in mating and development of fungi have also been found in close proximity to the genes encoding the pheromone and its receptor in R. toluroides (Coelho et al. 2008). In this study, our goals were therefore to: 1) identify additional genes belonging to the mating type locus in Microbotryum, in particular the genes encoding the pheromones and the homeodomain proteins, all of which control mating types in most basidiomycetes, 2) assess whether the genealogies of genes in the mating type region as well as of loci of the previously proposed strata are consistent with the existence of evolutionary strata along the mating type chromosomes.

Probation and Electronic Monitoring Essay -- essays research papers

I am doing this paper on electronic monitoring. I am doing this paper because I need a paper to write for you and this is the page I opened to in the book to get the idea. No, really because I believe that electronic monitoring is a terrific way to police probation and parolees when probation and parole officers are so severely overworked. By not having to check in on the offenders as much, because at any time we can hit a button and know exactly where they are, or be notified instantly when they are somewhere they shouldn’t be, it would be a lot easier on probation and parole officers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Electronic monitoring is a good idea and should be used more. The advances in technology can be very useful in community corrections. Implementing GPS technology into these el...

The Unsung Heroes – Creative Writing

â€Å"Launch the beacon. † Again another beep, flowed by the sound of the beacon launching. Chris had on last look at the Crab nebular, smiled and then turned his ship into the dark of space. Even from this distance he could see the slight glow of the Crystals. â€Å"Ship lock on to the Omega crystals. † â€Å"Acknowledged. † Said the ship. â€Å"It's now or never boys. † â€Å"Alpha 2 ready. † â€Å"Alpha 3 locked on. We are waiting on you, alpha 1. † Said Steven. â€Å"It's been nice knowing you ladies. † â€Å"Guest I'll never get that beer after all Steve. Alpha 2 ready. † Said Nick. Chris closed his eyes and thought of earth, his family†¦ is wife. â€Å"This is for you Sarah. † A tear rolled down his eye. â€Å"Lets move! † He reached for the throttle stick and pulled. The bombers spread off into the darkness. The day was coming to an end. To the west as the Santos star descended from the sky, it glowed Red, setting the sky alight with an orangey fire, lightly topped with a shimmering yellow. The east was swallowed by the darkness of space, only to be broken by thousands of stars surrounding the Crab Nebular slowly creeping up from the horizon. Though it only looked like a smudge in the sky, it was still a breath aking sight. There was a large mountain range to the north, on top of which stood the twin moons of this unnamed cold, dessert planet. To the far south dark clouds were slow looming upwards, you could hear the wrath of the thunder in the distance. In the middle, at the edge of a small cliff facing the southwest sat a lone man. Like a statue, he sat there cross-legged, without movement, without a sound. His eyes were fixed on the necklace in his hand. He stared at it, watched the light shine of it, it was hitting him in his eye but that didn't really bother him. â€Å"Chris†¦ ey Chris, †¦ â€Å". No response. â€Å"CHRIS man! † Steven exclaimed at point blank. â€Å"I heard you the first time. † Said Chris. He put the bracelet in his shoulder pocket and dusted the sand off his trousers as he got up. â€Å"What's our status? † â€Å"We are ready to go. You'll take lead, while me and Nick will proved cover for you. The bomb is ready, but you will have to release it at full speed other wise it won't work. † Chris nodded. â€Å"Hey listen, I didn't get a chance to say this before, but I'm am sorry about Sarah. We couldn't have known. † â€Å"I know. Thanks. What about the other ships? asked Chris? â€Å"From Beta wing, two can't take off and the other has lost navigation. Besides they're rookies, they wouldn't get past the first line. That leaves the four Gamma wing ships. They will hold off the Shivan fighters, so all we have to do is take out the sentries. Besides we've got the element of surprise, they think we're all dead. † â€Å"Man, it happened so quick! If only we had some sort off warning! † said Nick. Two wings of fighters Beta and Gamma, and a wing off bombers Alpha had been sent off to destroy, what was thought to be a Shivan supply station. When the ships jumped out of hyperspace, they were confronted with not a supply station, but a Shivan attack force; which included a nearly completed Lucifer class destroyer. The alliance had only two such ships and they were both too far away in other sectors of space where as this one would have been ready in a few days. It was in its most crucial stage, as it was being fitted with omega crystals. Once completed it would be able to take out most of the capital ships in the sector, which would be the turning point in this war, from which the humans could not likely recover. The Omega crystal was most destructive molecule ever constructed and was so unstable that it had to be kept at -120^0C. It had the power to destroy a planet within minutes. In theory, if it were to be warmed above -25 degrees it would explode so violently that it would cause a temporary black hole which collapse within a fraction off a second. But this would be enough to take out an entire system of planet. The Shivan had been expecting them and as so as they came through the jump gate they exploded bombs around the gate taking out most of the fighters including Alpha 5-Sarah Thomson. The surviving bomber aunched EMP bombs to block the Shivan radar as they escaped to a near by planet. The remaining fighters were humanities last hope. â€Å"Chris we're picking up heat signatures from space. We have to leave now! † said Steven. â€Å"No send, Gamma wing first. Tell them to go through the jump gate and try to warn the Alliance. Hopeful the fighters will follow them which will gives us a chance to take out the crystals. † Replied Chris. Nick went off to tell the others while Chris and Steven got ready. Within a few minutes Gamma wing had taken off and were making a run towards the hyperspace gates. The bate worked, and the Shivan fighters chased after them. The three bombers took off in to space. â€Å"Warning, core breach,† said the ship. â€Å"Initiating emergency lock down in ten seconds, nine, eig-†¦. † â€Å"Ship, override all emergency protocols. † Responded Chris. † Divert power from weapons to shields and thrusters. Guys I've got a leak in my system but it should be ok. † The computer responded with a beep. â€Å"Launch the beacon. † Again another beep flowed by the sound of the beacon launching. Chris had one last look at the Crab nebular, smiled and then turned his ship into the dark of space. Even from this distance he could see the slight glow of the Crystals. â€Å"Ship lock on to the Omega crystals. † â€Å"Acknowledged. † Said the ship. â€Å"It's now or never boys. † â€Å"Alpha 2 ready. † â€Å"Alpha † locked on. We are waiting on you, alpha 1. † Said Steven. â€Å"It's been nice knowing you ladies. † â€Å"Guest I'll never get that beer after all Steve. Alpha 2 ready. † Said Nick. Chris closed his eyes and thought of earth, his family†¦ his wife. â€Å"This is for you Sarah. † A tear rolled down his eye. â€Å"Lock and load, lets go! † He reached for the throttle stick and pulled. The bombers spread off into the darkness. 40 seconds `til I'm in range. How we doing boys? † asked Chris. â€Å"Sentries two, five and six are down. You have got clear path alpha one. Take out the crystals and we are out off here. † Said Steven. Bad news guys, some of the fighters have doubled back, gamma wing is gone. † exclaimed Nick. â€Å"Contact in fifteen seconds. Alpha two and I will hold them back. It's all up to you now, alpha one. † The two fighters broke off Chris's wing to intercept the fighters. â€Å"In range in five, four, three, two, one fire! † The bomb glided silently towards its target. â€Å"Impact in twenty seconds. Hang on guys one coming. † Chris turned his bomber around; only to see Alpha three get destroyed. The explosion was so sever that the shock wave destroyed the ships near it. â€Å"Ahh, Alpha one engines are down, shields are at 30%. I'm going to self-destruct get clear†¦ no wait, Chris the bomb, they are going after the bomb! Stop them! † Two fighters had broken off the attack and were going after the bomb. Chris turned to stop them, but one off them rammed the bomb, causing it to explode four second before impact! The shockwave from the bomb obliterated the fighters the two fighters. Ship what's the temperature of the crystals† asked Chris. â€Å"Temperature is minus sixty eight degrees,† said the ship. â€Å"Dame it we were so close, Chris I'm going down, I'm going down Chris, AL-†¦. † Steven's ship exploded. Chris was now alone. Four fighters started two move towards Chris's. There was only one thing left to do. Chris powered up his engines. â€Å"Acknowledged. † Said the ship. â€Å"Thrusters at 130%, shields at 25%. Weapons at 12%. † Chris pulled on the throttle stick and the ship propelled forwards. The fighters began to fire on Chris â€Å"Shield are down to 15% impact in ten seconds, shields are down, structural ntegrity is down to 30%. Impact in five, four†¦ † â€Å"I'm coming Sarah!!! † â€Å"Two, one,† the ship struck the crystals. The impact caused the temperature of the crystals to drop to minus fourteen degrees. The explosion was immensely powerful, but there was no sound. It created a black hole about two hundred million km across. It absorbed everything before collapsing. And then there was nothing. Chris Thomson and his friends died to save billions of lives. No one will know every of this sacrifice. He died for something that he believed in, he died as his friends, as an unsung hero.

India: the Unfortunate Correlation Between Poverty and Environmental Issues

India: The Unfortunate Correlation Between Poverty and Environmental Issues India makes up 2. 4 percent of the world’s land, while supporting an increasing 18 percent of the world population (D. Nagdeve, 2006). India is considered to be one of the major developing countries, continuously growing its reputation in the global economy. However, since the Independence of India, the issue of poverty has remained a vital concern. As of last year, more than 37% of India’s population, of a totaled 1. 35 billion people, are still living below the poverty line (Economy Watch, 2010). Although there are individuals and corporations in upper-class India that are growing prosperous, there is an unfairness to those living in severe poverty suffering the environmental damage that country leaders are dismissing. As those living in poverty put pressure against the environment and vice versa; there is an evident strong correlation between poverty and environmental issues. The astounding increase in population is one of the main reasons for poverty and environmental struggles in India, along with the neglect for efficient pollution controls, and unequal distribution of farmland (B. Ruck, 2006). The high death rates in India due to unfortunate diseases, lack of health care and security in old age, leads to Indians having more children (B. Ruck, 2006). More than half of the world’s malnourished and under-weight children are located in South Asia. In these South Asian countries there is a double burden of disease and poverty, creating an endless vicious circle of high disease levels, low productivity and high poverty and death rates. An example, of a terrible disease very present in India is malaria as it is one of the most prevalent public health problems that the country is facing perennially (V. Sharma, 2003). Poverty and malaria responsively are two interwoven elements as this disease is predominantly the disease of the poor. The real poor cannot afford private treatment and therefore must resort to self-medication, usually by the usage of traditional medications, at their own peril (V. Sharma, 2003). For a country boasting about its growth rate, the fact that 53% of children in India under the age of five years live without basic healthcare facilities is shameful. This adds up to 67 million Indian children living in a risk of survival for their first few years. Poor children are three times more likely to die before their fifth irthday, while over 1 million children in India die in their first month of life annually (K. Sinha, 2008). These saddening statistics just verify that India’s health care system is doing little to nothing to care for India’s poor population. India’s high death rates, specifically for those living in poverty without health care access, leads t o families trying to conceive as many children possible in hopes of more survival. For these health reasons and cultural reasons there are many large families across India. The growth in population is resulting in an increased pressure on natural resources, from water to forests (WWF, 2003). Environmentalists worldwide, especially from richer nations, have raised concerns about the increasing populations placing excessive strains on the world’s scarce resources (A. Shah, 2005). A recent article from The Economist explains that India’s rapid industrialization, is a troublesome thought for residents, specifically those living in poverty. By the year 2020, according to the World Bank, India’s water, air, soil and forest resources will be under more human pressure than those of any other country (The Economist, 2008). Rapid population growth and poverty in a country, in this case India, is adversely affecting the environment in a devastating manner. Recently, the global population reached 7 billion human beings, all with rising levels of consumption per capita, quickly depleting natural resources and degrading the environment (A. Shah, 2005). In India, the increase of population combines with the distressed poverty to create an immense pressure on all of the country’s natural resources (D. Nagdeve, 2006). India’s economy is in high gear, leaving an immense and unfortunate trail of pollution, severely impacting not only India, but also the rest of the world (WWF, 2003). There are various types of pollution that affect India’s environment including sound pollution, waste and water pollution, and air pollution. Unwanted sounds from the natural environment; wind, volcanoes, oceans, and animal sounds, are more tolerable than man-made noises from machines, automobiles, trains, planes, explosives and firecrackers. Mumbai is rated the third noisiest city in the world, with New Delhi following closely behind. It is now increasingly understood that pollution from noise is an important component of air pollution. Noise not only causes irritation and annoyance but also constricts the arteries, and increases the flow of adrenaline forcing the heart to work faster. Continuous noise causes an increase in the cholesterol level resulting in permanent constriction of blood vessels, making humans more prone to heart attacks and strokes (P. Mitra, 2007). Perceptibly, the effects of water pollution are not only devastating to people but also to animals, fish and birds as the water is unsuitable for drinking, recreation, and the agricultural industry. Waste and water pollution diminishes the aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers while contaminating aquatic life, reducing reproductive ability (P. Mitra, 2007). Moving up the food chain, the hazard continues to negatively affect human health, supporting the notion that it is greatly challenging to escape the effects of water pollution. It is evident that there is an issue of air and water pollution in many Indian states, including Delhi. With the disturbing gray skies, Delhi’s air has been considered deadly to breathe. A third of Delhi residents are affected with chronic breathing ailments while one out of six children suffer lead induced mental retardation (South Asian Voice, 2000). The poor are first to suffer the effects of air and water pollution. The rich can minimize their exposure to the air-borne toxics by driving air-conditioned cars while those with lower incomes must travel by feet, bicycles or public transit, unfortunately finding themselves in a situation where they cannot escape the detrimental effects. In previous instances the Supreme Court ruled that certain polluting industries should be relocated out of Delhi into less well-known places like Ghaziabad, Meerut or Rohtak (South Asian Voice, 2000). This proposes that the healths of those who reside in more poverty are less important than those in the nation’s capital. The 2011 survey taken by the Pew Research Centre, presented results that 79% of Indians distinctly considered pollution a â€Å"very big problem† (The Economist, 2008). Of the Indian rural population, more than 22% live in settings with existing physical and financial predicaments in addition to the 15% living in poverty within urban India (Economy Watch, 2010). Throughout the world, including India, the poorest people are increasingly clustered in remote and ecologically fragile areas (B. Ruck, 2006). Agriculture contributes to 21% of India’s Gross Domestic Product; its importance within the country’s economic, social, and political standards are highly significant (World Bank Group, 2011). The rural population in India depends on agriculture where the weather phenomenon plays a major role on the rural economy. In the past years there have been severe droughts, affecting the economy as crops were destroyed being an identifiable catastrophe for may cultivators. In many states of India including Assam, West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa there are annual floods, which also hamper the growth of crops and farmlands (D. Talukdar, 2010). In rural districts, the best land tends to be taken over by the wealthiest of farmers, who can afford modern technology to maintain and grow crops on the larger areas of land. This inopportunely leaves poor people pressured to occupy and exploit more fragile lands including hillsides, forests and arid areas (D. Pimentel et al, 2004). It is an identifiable struggle to grow decent crops on these marginal areas of land, resulting in increased poverty for those already suffering financially while creating an augmented pressure on over-exploited lands (B. Ruck, 2006). About half of India’s land is affected by soil erosion meaning that India’s soil is naturally removed by the action of water or wind roughly at the same rate as soil is formed. The country proceeds with irrigation, bringing water to the land in a variety of artificial means, which is leading to desertification of once fertile land. A result of desertification is deforestation; taking a toll of 400 million people who depend on non-timber produce (V. Sharma, 2003). Further actions which should be implemented powerfully into India’s lifestyles is improving supplies of clean water; to reduce time spent gathering unclean water while also reducing the illnesses caused by these foul water supplies (World Poverty, 2011). By improving the supply of accessible, affordable health care information and services, the country can reduce the vulnerability of diseases within poverty stricken areas while also improving the state of India’s natural environment. Furthermore, improving the training and equipment of farmers would be beneficial to those living in India, as this would help increase crop yields and conserve the environment (World Poverty, 2011). Poverty can be recognized as both the cause and effect of environment degradation. As India’s population and economy continues to substantially grow, the country’s need to find effective solutions becomes significantly more urgent each day. The strong correlation between poverty and environmental issues is expanding as both continue to put pressure against each other. The aspirations of more than one billion people; suffering through poverty and environmental struggles, must be recognized and relieved. References â€Å"Agriculture – India: Priorities for Agriculture and Rural Development. † World Bank Group. N. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. . Bass, Stephen. Reducing poverty and sustaining the environment the politics of local engagement. London, Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2005. Print. Bhattacharya, Haimanti, and Robert Innes. â€Å"Is There a Nexus between Poverty and Environment in Rural India?. † AgEcon Search: Item 21201. N. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. . Economy Watch Content. â€Å"Poverty in India . † Economy Watch. N. p . , 4 Apr. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. . Foundation for Sustainable Development. Environmental Issues in India | Foundation for Sustainable Development. † Welcome to FSD | Foundation for Sustainable Development. N. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. . Gadgil, Madhav, and Ramachandra Guha. â€Å"Development and Change. † Ecological Conflicts and the Environmental Movement in India. Online: The Hague, 1994. 101 – 136. Print. Nagdeve, D. A.. â€Å"IIPS-Envis Center on Environment and Population. † IIPS-Envis Center on Population and Environment. N. p. , n. d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. . Pimentel, David, Bonnie Berger, and David Filiberto. Water Resources: Agricultural and Environmental Issues. California: BioScience, 2004. Print. Ruck, Barbara . â€Å"Poverty and the Environment. † World Vision. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Oct. 2011. . Shah, Anup. â€Å"Poverty and the Environment aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Global Issues. † Global Issues : social, political, economic and environ mental issues that affect us all aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Global Issues. N. p. , n. . Web. 1 Nov. 2011. . Sharma, V. â€Å"Malaria and poverty in India. † Current Science 84. 4 (2003): 513 – 515. Print. Sinha, Kounteya. â€Å"53% Indian kids under 5 lack healthcare – Times Of India. † The Times Of India. N. p. , 8 May 2008. Web. 6 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Solutions to World Poverty. † World Poverty. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Solutions to World Poverty. † World Poverty. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. . South Asian Voice . â€Å"Problems of Indian Development: Environmental Issues, Preserving the Environment, Ending Poverty. † South Asian Voice . N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Oct. 2011. . Talukdar, Diganta. â€Å"Poverty and Health: Major challenges for India. † Citizen Journalism News Platform – merinews. N. p. , 22 July 2010. Web. 6 Nov. 2011.