The Intergenerational Differences

The Intergenerational Differences of the Japanese canadian issei, nisei, and sansei In the wake of World War II, The Japanese Issei and Nisei both experienced extreme racial prejudices brought about by pre-existing anti-Asian racism and fear driven panic from the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and as a result became enemy aliens. However, pre-war intergenerational differences between the Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei such as; traditional values, education, language, and age directly influenced the differences of the reactions that the Issei and Nisei had during the prooting and internment of Japanese Canadians during World War II. The racism and prejudices against the Japanese Canadians can be traced back to when Japanese Immigrants first began to settle in Canada. This hatred was mainly triggered by the Canadians em. y of the Japanese Canadians hard work, discipline, and contempt with the low pay and living standards that were pushed upon them. l Many of the Japanese Canadian Issei sp ent an average of 30 years working as fisherman, small business owners, and farmers, and due to the looming racism were declared to be unable to assimilate into Canadian Society.As a result Japanese Canadians Formed small communities in which they lived. Ken Adachi best summarizes the effects of this pre-war racism of the Japanese Canadians in this passage from his book The Enemy That Never Was: Canadian society all at once totally rejected the Japanese, confronted them with negative sanctions, and apparently doomed them and their Canadian born children to remain, in essence, a permantley alien, non-voting population.But at the same time, few immigrant Japanese wanted any part in the larger society. 3 This passage helps explain why the Canadian-born Nisei children experienced the same prejudices as their Japanese- born parents despite the fact that they were Canadian-educated and had little if any to the Japanese way of life. 4 It is important to note the generation differences that existed among the Canadian Japanese Issei and Nisei prior to World War II.The Japanese Canadian Issei continued to practice traditional Japanese values, ideals and authoritarian parenting style in their adopted homeland. The Issei tried to pass these ideals down to their children, however the children's involvement in the Canadian school district had a greater nfluence on the Nisei children and pushed them away from the Japanese ideals of their parents, and towards that of the Western Cultures. In fact, the majority of Japanese Canadian Nisei and Sansei disliked the forced Japanese teachings so much that Muriel Kitagawa explained that when the three Japanese newspapers and Japanese schools shut down following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Nisei and Sansei were overjoyed because they had more time to play6 Immediately following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7 1942, the Canadian Government began the persecution and suspicion of all Japanese Canadians.On December 8 1942 t he Royal Canadian Navvy impounded 1,200 vessels owned by Japanese Nationals. 7 The Issei willingly obliged to the confiscation despite the fact that their income relied on the vessels8. It is important to note that when the decision to evacuate all males of Japanese descent between the ages of 18 and 45 from the West Coast into the interior, there were only 5,000 of the 13,600 Nisei who were over twenty years of age. 9 The effects of the evacuation, tore the Japanese community apart.As a result of the uprooting and incarcerations, Japanese schools nd newspapers were shut down, which had a huge effect on the Japanese Canadian Issei because many had a very small knowledge of the English language so they relied on the Japanese newspapers for information on the war. After the shutdown of Japanese newspapers and the confiscation of radios and other communication devices, the Imprisoned Issei had little means of knowing what was going on, and mainly relied on circulating rumors.The effect of the uprooting and evacuation caused the Japanese Canadian Issei to be torn between their mother country Japan and their adopted country Canada. During this time many Issei chose to turn toward Japan for comfort and reacted to the expulsion by following their Japanese principles of cooperating with the Canadian Government, and accepted their punishment and had faith in Japans victory. 0 This excerpt from the diary of Koichiro Miyazaki explains his feelings during expulsion, â€Å"We Japanese who are overseas, have been isolated in enemy countries and our families are scattered. But despite our hardships we believe that everything is for our native country's future. This faith keeps me going. I believe that I am not the only one filled with confidence. † 1 1 The Nisei generation had little to no traditional ties to their parents mother land Japan, and thought themselves to be completely Canadian.Many Nisei such as Muriel Kitagawa tried to maintain a positive outlook when th e expulsion of Japanese Canadians first went into effect and tried to rationalize the Canadian Governments actions and had faith that they would protect the loyal Japanese Canadian Nisei. 12 Like the Issei many Nisei encouraged Japanese Canadians to cooperate with the government, and have faith in the RCMP. However political and age differences within the Nisei society, caused some Nisei to react differently to the expulsion. Many younger Nisei tried to fght against the Canadian Government and refuse to obey.These Nisei experienced severe backlash from the Government and were immediately imprisoned or beaten. 13 As the war continued the expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast was no longer Just for the men but now for people of all people of Japanese origin, including women and children. At this point the Canadian Government has full control over Japanese Canadians property and can sell it without the owner's consent, and many Japanese Canadian families have been sep arated from the uprooting.On August 4 1944 Prime Minister King states that it is desirable that Japanese Canadians are dispersed across Canada. Applications for reparation† to Japan are sought by the Canadian ernment. Those who do not apply must move east of the Rockies to prove their loyalty to Canada. The Issei faced the difficult decision to apply for reparation and be back in their familiar homeland where some still had family, however the Issei who had been separated from their family during the expulsion faced the fear of their family being left behind to suffer in camps.Some Issei who chose to apply got their application denied and were orced to move across the Rockies, this caused many Issei to lose all hope of ever returning to Japan. 14 The Nisei, even those who initially trusted the Canadian Government to take care of the loyal and innocent citizens, felt that they had been absolutely betrayed by the country that they loved. They were being forced to give up everyth ing that they own and had worked so hard for Just to prove their loyalty to Canada.Some younger Nisei reacted to the move with an adventurous spirit, however many Nisei that had families of their own were faced with a very difficult decision with very uncertain outcomes. 5 Muriel Kitagawa voices her concerns in a letter to her brother: And the Nisei, repudiated by the only land they know, no redress anywhere. Sure we can move somewhere on our own, but a Job? Who will feed the family? Will they hire a Jap? Where can we go that will allow us to come? The only place to go is the Camp the Government will provide when it gets around to it.Ah, but we are bewildered and bitter and uncertain. 16 The expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast during World War II Shattered the strong communities that existed among both the Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei. Hard-working people were fired from their Jobs by employers that they had worked many loyal years for solely because of thei r race. The property that they worked for and and rightfully owned, could be taken away from them with as little as 24-hour notice, and sold by the Canadian Government without the need of consent from the owner.Families were torn apart and sent to camps where they were forced to work and live in harsh and extreme conditions. Despite the fact that both Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei experienced these hardships as a result of he uprooting and expulsion during World War II, intergenerational differences such as traditional values, education, language and age, directly influenced the different and changing reactions that the Issei and Nisei had throughout their experience of expulsion from Canada's west coast during World War II.

No Men Are Foriegn

No Men Are Foreign by James Kirkup Workbook Questions Extract 1 1 Who is the narrator of the poem? To whom is the poem addressed? Ans The poem appears to have an omniscient narrator and is addressed to all of mankind. (omniscient = one who knows everything) 2 What is meant by uniforms? Why are uniforms necessary especially during war? What is there beneath all uniforms? Ans Uniforms mean the varied cultural exteriors that people put on themselves in the form of different clothes that symbolise who they are.Uniforms are necessary especially during war in order to differentiate between and identify soldiers on different sides who would otherwise appear to be same. But beneath all uniforms lies the same human body. 3 Which single body is referred to in the extract? What is common to the single body and people like the narrator? Ans The single body referred to in the extract is the human body. What is common between the single body and people like the narrator is that it is same in struc ture and made of flesh and blood. 4 Who are referred to as brothers? What two things are common to all people as referred to in lines three and four of the extract?Ans People who we classify as different from ourselves are our brothers. We walk on the same land as long as we are alive and will be buried in the same earth when we die. 5 If there are different countries, how can we be one people? Ans Even if there are different countries, we can be one people because we all have the same body and we live and die on the same planet. Extract 2 1 Who are they that are mentioned in the extract? What are the common elements in the universe that are shared by all? What is the significance of the word, too in the extract? Ans They are those that we consider foreign.All of us share the common elements of sun, air and water. The word too is significant because it emphasizes that they are just like us. 2 What are peaceful harvests? Why are they said to be peaceful? What do the peaceful harvests symbolise? Ans Peaceful harvests are the crops grown and the enduring bounty during times of peace. They are said to be peaceful because they can be nurtured only during times of peace. They symbolise happiness and prosperity. 3 In what way is starvation associated with winter? Ans No crops can be grown during winter which is why there is a shortage of food.Thus, starvation is associated with winter. 4 What is meant by Their hands are ours? What are their lines? How can we conclude that their labour is same as ours? Ans Their hands are ours means that people living in other countries have hands just like ours which toil hard to earn a living. Their lines mean the lines on their face and body which are just like ours. Hence, we can conclude that though they belong to another land, they have worked hard throughout their lives, just like us. 5 Explain how does the author show that men from other countries have the same basic requirements as his own countrymen.Ans The author shows that men from other countries have the same requirements as his own countrymen by saying that they enjoy the same sunlight, breathe the same air and drink the same water. Not only this, they also work hard to earn a living. They too eat when their harvest is plentiful during times of peace and starve during war. Extract 3 1 On what topic is the poet speaking? In what respect are their eyes compared to ours? Ans The poet is speaking about commonalities, mutual respect and understanding. Their eyes are compared to us in that they too wake and sleep, just as we do. 2 Whose strength is referred to in the extract?Explain how strength can be won by love? Ans The strength referred to in the extract is that of those who we consider strange. Their strength can be won by love because everybody responds to love and appreciates the feeling of brotherhood. 3 Give the meaning and implication of the following:- In every land is common life That all can recognise and understand. Ans People living in an other land are just like us. They too understand the concept and feeling of universal brotherhood. The implication is that if we extend a fraternal hand, they will recognise it and willingly join hands with us. State briefly the theme of the poem. Ans The theme of the poem is one of universal brotherhood, internationalism and the renunciation of war. The world is one big family, no one is a stranger: no one is different; we all need and want the same things. Hence, waging wars against our brothers does not make sense. 5 How does the poet bring out in the extract the idea that men are not strangers to one another? Ans The poet specifies that just like us they wake and sleep and respond to love. Even if we look different on the exterior we all can recognise and understand the universal language of love and brotherhood. Extract 4 What is meant by dispossess, betray, condemn? What happens when we hate our brothers? Ans To dispossess means to take away what one owns, to betray means to b ecome a traitor, to condemn means to criticise strongly. When we hate our brothers, in effect we rob, cheat and condemn our own selves. We do not realise that in perpetuating hatred on our brothers, we are actually harming ourselves. 2 What does the poet remind us of in the fourth line of the extract? Ans In the fourth line extending into the fifth, the poet reminds us that when we arm ourselves against each other, we pollute the purity of our own earth through bloodshed. What are hells of fire and dust? What do they destroy? Ans Hells of fire and dust are the effects caused by bombs and other instruments of warfare. They destroy the purity of the air we breathe and depend upon for our survival. 4 What is the innocence of air? How is it defiled? Ans The innocence of air is the purity of the unspoilt air as nature intended it to be. It is defiled by human interference in the form of bombs and hatred. 5 What does the poet emphasize by beginning and ending the poem with the same line?A ns By beginning and ending the poem with the same line, the poet emphasizes through reiteration, his message of the spirit of oneness and fraternity. Although the message in both the lines is same, the opening line uses the adjective ‘strange’ with respect to men and ‘foreign’ in respect of countries, while in the end, the adjective ‘foreign’ is ascribed to men and ‘strange’ is ascribed to countries. This means that the two are one. Countries exist only because men do; nature does not divide, only man does. However man is the same everywhere irrespective of where he lives.

Macro Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Macro - Term Paper Example The paper concentrates on the issue of price stability and its impact to the economy Introduction Price stability refers to a situation in which the prices of goods and services in a country over a given period of time remains. It can also be best described as time when the retail index price is constant. The opposite of price stability is referred to as inflation. Inflation is an adverse macroeconomic element that is not acceptable in the economy. It is characterized by the unprecedented increase in prices of goods and services that results to making the cost of living to sour up beyond the purchasing power of various household (Pierson 20). It is the central role of the government of the day to ensure that only some small inflation, popularly referred to as mild inflation, is experienced in the society. When the level of inflation increases, it is a bad indication, which shows that the cost of living of the household has increased. When the cost of living goes up, the lower-class h ouseholds are the worst hit. However, it is good to take note that some level of inflation in the economy is acceptable as it shows that there is some form of economic growth in the country Discussion It is every government’s responsibility to attain positive macroeconomic elements in the economy, and USA government is no exception. The United States has always strived to ensure that there is low inflation, low unemployment levels, high rate of economic of economic growth, and equilibrium in balance of payment. The subsequent paragraphs concentrates on the efforts and measures put in place by the United States’ government to tackle inflation. Notably, inflation takes various forms, which include wage inflation, cost-push inflation, sectorial inflation, demand-pull, and pricing power inflation. Demand-pull is a type of inflation that is caused by excess demand of good and services in the economy, which causes the prices of goods and services to increase. On the other ha nd, cost-push is a form of inflation that is caused by increased cost of production. Such increased cost of production compels producers to pass the cost to consumers in terms of high prices (Pierson 20). On the other hand, wage inflation occurs when people are paid more salary, hence causing their disposable income to increase. With increase in disposal income, the increase in purchasing power is inevitable. The consumers tend to spend more in such circumstance leading to increase in the prices of goods and services. Essentially, there exists several level of inflation, which includes mild inflation, moderate inflation, hyperinflation, and stagflation. Mild inflation is good for an economy; in fact, this is the primary objective of the USA’s government, since it is mandated to maintain a low inflation rate of not more than 3 percent (Mills 112). Maintaining low inflation is a tasking procedure, which requires balancing of many and complex macroeconomic policies. Inflation is measured as a yearly rate of change in the retail price index. In order to achieve price stability, the rate of inflation should be maintained at zero. This is only theoretical and cannot be practical in the real economy. Some level of inflation is good for the economy as it signifies growth in the economic performance besides showing that owners of factors of production are being rewarded for their investment efforts. Mills

The Closing Stock Market Price of Caffe Nero Research Paper

The Closing Stock Market Price of Caffe Nero - Research Paper Example When the stocks of companies are offered in the stock exchanges, like in this case of Caffe Nero, people will be encouraged to invest or sell stocks there. The potential investors of Caffe Nero will refer to the financial statements in deciding to invest in Caffe Nero. The financial statement is a big factor that will entice prospective investors to invest in Caffe Nero because of its 2005 net income of 1,719,000 pounds and 2004 net income is 1,684,000. Bankruptcy news can bring down the company’s stock price. News of a merger or acquisition by one big company of another big or small company will generate another round of huge investments in the new company. The prospective investors can artificially cause the stock market price of Caffe Nero to go up. The stock market price for a single stock of Caffe Nero has increased because many investors want to put their money in the income generating Caffe Nero. The closing price of Caffe Nero stock is very high due to its aggressive m arketing strategy. According to Allegra Strategies, the United Kingdom coffee industry will rise by more than 10% annually for the next few years. Stock market listing of the stocks of Caffe Nero and other companies will generate funds for their business. The stock market price is based on the basic economic principle of supply and demand principle. But if there are more people offering to dispose of their stock market shares in a company, like the Caffe Nero located in picturesque England than there are buyers, then the tendency is for the stock market price to go down. In the case of Caffe Nero, the market price just remained the same for the past years.

The reasons why the British, from Parliament to the Expeditionary Essay

The reasons why the British, from Parliament to the Expeditionary Forces, were defeated by a less trained and weaker American army in the American Revolutionary - Essay Example How could a group of colonies spread out over a vast region with no central government or treasury and an army that was inadequately trained and equipped possibly defeat the British who were the most powerful military force at that time? Britain had ruled over the thirteen colonies in America for more than 200 years prior to the Revolution. By the beginning of the Revolution, the wars against France fought on both sides of the Atlantic had burdened Britain with a massive national debt. To ease the national debt, Parliament imposed taxes on the colonists believing it only fair that they bear part of the expenses incurred by the British military in protecting them from Indian attacks and French invasions. The Stamp Act taxed paper goods sent to the colonies. It was the first of these laws while, with the tea tax, was one of the most infamous of these laws. The colonists thought taxation without representation in the British government to be unjust and openly protested these laws which led to hostilities between British troops and the Massachusetts Minutemen in 1775. This and other conflicts with the ‘Red Coats’ led to colonists forming the Continental Congress which immediately created the Continental Arm y and in 1776, signed the Declaration of Independence (The American Revolution, 2006). The Americans, outmatched by more than three-to-one, were predictably defeated in the majority of battles that occurred during the war’s first year. However, the Americans’ fortune began to change following the victories at Saratoga and Germantown in 1777. These important first triumphs gave increased credibility to what had previously been widely considered as an unorganized, minor uprising certain to be vanquished by the mighty British army. By 1778, France had become convinced that Britain stood the chance of being defeated. Wanting nothing more than this,

Personal statement for graduate school Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

For graduate school - Personal Statement Example Data Technology is consistently developing at an un-recordable rate, and that makes PC machines the most significant devices in our lives, they are our present and future. As I would like to think, nothing on the planet can measure the exponential development and fervor in the computing business. Murphy (1995) once highlighted that PC Machines and their technology influence every single one of us. Therefore, the interest for individuals with significant ICT information is substantially developing. Murphy (1995) stated that the beginning of innovative data administration innovation would altogether enhance the operational productivity in many nations. For work experience, I have been working in the IT office for Abu Dhabi Police for more than 3 years managing technology advancement on a daily basis, and overseeing Windows 2003 environment and Exchange. In addition, I was included in numerous operations, delicate assessment and my deliberations prompted an exceptionally dynamic IT foundation in Abu Dhabi police (Murphy, 1995). Lastly, I had the accompanying Achievement amid this term with the association: I consider myself generally well equipped for your highly respected system. Separated from the sound scholastic establishment I have laid in my field, I am most glad for my viable capability to perform particular projects. Notwithstanding my fine- received performance in the task outlines in such courses as Database management, program upgrade Tools and Computer Networking and appliance, I additionally took an interest in managing the storage system and checking the development of information and the storage system at Abu Dhabi police. For this significant assistance, I got warm acclaims from the organization and my working mates. My individual attributes incorporate initiative and creativity and systematic and critical thinking abilities, work powerfully in groups, great time administration, meeting deadlines, dependability

Leadership Paradigm Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Paradigm - Assignment Example l (2008), the concept of pastoral leadership from the perspective of scholars and writers who have expounded upon the New Testament is extensive and comprises of several understandings. However, at the same time it is important to understand that these elements essentially rest upon the distinctive foundations of the church and hence, these explanations cannot be applied in the shape of a generalized form. Accordingly, the reflections of writers may also appear in these understandings of the ministry leadership as a consequence of varying backgrounds, upbringing and social stature. Therefore, it is significant to comment on whether it is possible to present a uniform perspective regarding the clauses of pastoral leadership and what it entails. Through his work, Tidball’s (2005) comprehension of leadership paradigms becomes relevant within the context of understanding how leadership can guide and direct the spiritual objectives of local church establishments and communities. This is an important factor in understanding the scope of small scale pastoral leadership and how it can impact the lives of individuals. In the first scenario, Tidball’s (2008) recommendations regarding leadership paradigms is reflected in the assessment of what is termed as a ‘model of permission’. Through the analysis of this model, the spiritual authority and offerings of the place of worship are characterized by opportunities to assess objectives in a liberated and open environment without the restrictions of any figure to directly impact the progress of individuals and communities who attend the church. Accordingly, the second leadership paradigm identified by Tidball (2008) focuses upon conducting an insightful and in- depth exploration of the requirements of the modern church and communities thereby, ensuring that spiritual progress is not stunted through the need to execute outdated models which may not work successfully in every scenario. This concept abides by a perspective

Olmstead vs. New York (1928) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Olmstead vs. New York (1928) - Assignment Example This continued for a period of five months and the recorded conversation overheard was 775 typewritten pages. Olmstead had been tapped eight telephones in his home and office and offices of the other defendants charged with and some in their homes. Prohibition Agent listened over the taped conversation on behalf of the federal government under their official capacity and reported message retrieved (Gunther & Dowling 564). The evidence disclosed a conspiracy where an astonishing magnitude of distribution, possession, sales and import of liquor unlawfully. More than fifty persons were employed in sea going vessels to transport the liquor to Colombia and smaller vessels could be used to transport the liquor to the coast of the state of Washington. Wire tapping long experience lineman was then employed on behalf of the federal government and, on its expense to end this. Olmstead argued that the telephone wire tapped was equal to an illegal search on his property and therefore, he was den ied his right for privacy under the Fourth Amendment. The court on contrary ruled that the electronic device did not include physical entry arguing that Olmstead had been broadcasting to the general public. Justice Taft went further to write the majority opinion, "the amendment language cannot be expanded and extended to include telephone, connecting globally from defendant’s house and or office. The intervening wires are highways along were they are stretched but neither part of his house nor the office†. After taking some type of invasion of privacy justice brandies envisioned later became a reality, he developed to be one of the most citied options in the Supreme Court (Gunther & Dowling 566). By often using objections, the defendants asked for permission to access the evidence acquired by wire tapping. They claimed that it consisted of unreasonable search and sequestration which is the Fourth Amendment violation, and that the use conversation overheard as evidence c ompelled the defendant from being witnesses against themselves in the Fifth Amendment violation (Gunther & Dowling 566). The purpose of the Fourth Amendments commonly referred to as general warrant or writs of assistance were to prevent citizens from force search of property, owns personalities, papers and effects by the government and prevention from unwilling seizure. Opposing the ruling opinion, that was based on the view of search as a native physical action on private property, Justice Louis Brandeis argued; delicacy and more expansive means of tress passing privacy has become common in the government (Gunther & Dowling 567). Invention and innovation has made the government massively in disclosing in court what is actually whispered in the closet. Furthermore, when applying the constitution, believe cannot only be what has been, but what may be.’ The science generation in providing the government with a way of spying is not likely going to stop with wire tapping. Methods may someday be developed that the government will not be required to remove papers from drawers; this will enable to expose jury and some of the most intimate act of the home. This places the liberty of all citizens in the hands of every officer. Tempering with telephones is far much evil in privacy invasion just like tempering with mails. When a telephone line is tapped, the privacy of both the receiver and the ringer

Culture Shock among International Students in the UK Essay

Culture Shock among International Students in the UK - Essay Example One of the biggest contributors to culture shock is the climate in the UK where individuals who come from warm environments come to experience the dampness that is prominent in the country for the first time in their lives. This is especially difficult for them to deal with during the winter months because international students have never experienced it before. The need to wear heavy clothing in order to protect themselves from the cold is always cumbersome especially in situations where they are used to light clothing. In addition, there are situations where international students come to find that the food in the UK is strange and that the familiar foods that are prominent in their home countries are hardly ever available. There are instances where these students live in self-catering accommodation and as a result of familiar food not being available and their inability to cook for the unfamiliar food that is available, they end up relying heavily on fast food. Culture shock in th is situation arises as a result of these students’ eating fast food rather than the diet that is used to, making it difficult for them to adapt to their new environment. Language is another contributor to culture shock because a large number of international students do not speak English as their first language. When they come to the UK, they often have a difficult time communicating with the local people as well as with their fellow students and tutors. The constant use of and listening to a foreign language can at times be very tiring for international students because it creates a situation where they come to feel nostalgic for their own language. Not being around people from their own countries who can speak the same language in a strange environment is often difficult for international students because they feel isolated in an unfamiliar environment.

Math Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Math Project - Essay Example The body structures like kidneys, respiratory structures have been able to be shown on their functionality which has played a major role in improving the treatment of its illnesses. Mathematical models have also helped in the coming up with structures like structures and machines contributing largely to the development of technology. Buildings are first sketched into shapes which are preferably and through that they are able to calculate on the materials to be used in the buildings. Through the models people have tried to come up with various ideas on how they can construct and also improving on the kind of structures to be put in place. Bigger and better buildings have been able to be constructed through mathematical models improving its technology as they use better machinery (Berry 2006, pg.41). Through the models most of the people who have visualize are able to put up into images and the mathematical modeling they are able to come up with building of various different shapes (Kl amkin 2007, pg.45). This has led to the emergence of machineries which are used in making work easier. Scientists find it easier to use models in coming up with ideas while creating machines in different fields. Mathematics models help in solving engineering complexities brought about by the technology evolution. It assists by giving out possibilities to be used in order to manage the technological complexities incurred. They are able to give new ideas or solutions in fewer periods thus more innovations leading to a positive effect to the industry saving time and money. Graphs have also contributed largely in determining the trend or behavior of certain things like in medicine it is used in hospitals in testing pulse rate, blood pressure and other illnesses. Through the graphics instruments in mathematical modeling various people are able to use in stating their industry’s potential like the industry is able to tell if there has been a rise in their profitability and also be able to see their trend and compare it with other competing companies (Gibbons 2005, pg.12). Mathematical models have been used as a teaching guide to the children as they are taught various shapes. In education and also industries it has been able to help in calculation of volume, mass which makes it easier. It has been used in calculating the amount of cement in building, construction and also in medicine in finding the amount or quantity of medicine to patients. Mathematics has contributed largely to the world’s technology evolution. Its contribution has played a major role in many technologies being discovered either scientifically as is assists in calculation etc. Most of the building or infrastructure has majorly depended on calculations in order to put up structures (Berry 2006, pg.67). Through calculus and geometry they are able to construct a sketch on the architecture world. Mathematics provides the platform for architecture through the measurements for example math ematics contributes the unit of measurement for building in meters, inches or feet in which technology simply encodes and decodes. Mathematics also contributes to building of technological hardware because it creates basis of forming these hardwares through shapes and sizes. Sizes in the sense that the developers use inches and centimeters to create these hardwares otherwise technology would not have a standard for example the developers of computers use inches to

The National School Lunch Program Essay Example for Free

The National School Lunch Program Essay The National School Lunch Program is a meal and nutritional program funded by the United States government, for the benefit of children in school all over the country. The program provides balanced and nutritious foods prepared and sold for reasonable amount money or given free to children in public and private schools, and other institutions of childcare. The eligibility of children that are included in the program is dependent on the average income of the household and capacity to sustain the dietary and nutritional needs of their children. The program is managed both in the federal and state level of the country, where the federal level is handled by the staff of the Food and Nutrition Service, and on the other hand, the state level is handled by the educational agencies and organizations of the state. The preparation of food and its contents are based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. It must also provide minerals and vitamins guided by the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). In addition to this, the staff of educational institutions is also trained to prepare for high-quality balanced and nutritional meals for the children. The U. S Department of Agriculture (USDA) supports the program by giving out cash subsidies and donations of supplies and merchandises to participating educational institutions, as long as they follow the guidelines for the balanced and nutritional needs of children. (USDA, 2007a) The USDA usually gives cash subsidies to educational institutions for the program and spends the following amount of money for each meal: $3. 15 for a free lunch and snack, $2. 41 for reduced prices of a lunch and snack, and $0. 9 for a paid lunch and snack. (USDA, 2007a) The amount of reimbursements given to each educational institution varies every year based on the changes and adjustments guided by the increase or decrease rates of the Consumer Price Index provided by the Bureau Labor of Statistics. (USDA, 2007b) Aside from the cash reimbursements, educational institutions also receive goods and food merchandises amounting to 16. 75 cents per meal. In 2006 alone, the total sum of money spent for the program amounted to $8. 2 billion. (USDA, 2007a) The National Lunch Program harbors effects to the well-being of children and the behavior and attitude of the family towards it. A recent study revealed that there is little or no effect generated from the implementation of the program such that children do not actually need to follow the program because they are already receiving balanced and nutritional meals outside the premises of the educational institution. In addition to this, the family members might not be motivated to prepare additional meals for their children because they know the educational institution is providing this for them. The program serves as a replacement for the food they are preparing for the children, and because of this, the family members will not look for other alternatives to suffice for the nutritional needs of their children. (Dunifon Kowaleski-Jones, 2004) According to the program assessment conducted by the U. S. Government, the program was rated as â€Å"moderately effective. † Owing to the fact that the program was able to reduce the calorie and fat content of food prepared in educational institutions for children by five percent. In addition to this, the target population of children to whom the budget of the program, has also increased. This means that more children have been provided balanced and nutritional meals from the program despite the set target number of children. Moreover, the government has also plans of improving the program by implementing a method of monitoring and updating the nutritional content of the foods prepared. Aside from this, the issue about equity in terms of financial matters will also be addressed, as the government is working to provide an accurate and dependable estimate of payments or expenses starting this year. (ExpectMore, 2007)

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Essay Within the next fifty years the US may experience shifting and changing length of the seasons, changes in vegetation including habitat and diversity, changes in precipitation intensity and distribution, a rise in sea-level, an increase in storm intensity and an increase in erosion events. Shifting seasons The principle sources for this idea were: Global Warming in the Temperate Zone, Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers, Alaska Survey (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? As global warming effects advance, colder seasons become milder and of shorter duration. â€Å"Climate †¦ refers to the annual pattern of atmospheric conditions in a place (Lew 2004). â€Å" Since the seas change temperature more slowly than land, an increase in temperature of the sea would maintain warmer patterns for longer periods of time Impact on Physical Geography â€Å"Throughout the temperate zone, changes are being recorded in where and when plants bloom and thrive. (Global Warming in Temperate Zone 2007)† Another effect is that as the temperature rises, the altitudinal zonation normally present (Lew 2004) becomes attenuated. In some areas, the top zones are disappearing, the temperature variations no longer dip far enough to maintain snow caps, glaciers or other physical attributes wildlife depend upon (. Global Warming in Temperate Zone 2007). Impact on Human Geography Changes in seasonality have not yet had much affect upon the lower United States human geography. Change in seasonality has had profound impact upon populations in Alaska and Canada. â€Å"[The Inuit’s] winter hunting and fishing is limited severely by loss of ice (Global Warming in the Arctic 2007). † Seasonal use of Ice roads, loss of sea-ice and lengthening summers all will have a profound impact on trade and national defense ( Climate Change: â€Å"Alaska† 2000). According to the IPCC report there is little that can be done to immediately reverse this trend as temperatures will continue to increase on inertia of the GHGs already in the atmosphere (Alley 2007) . Changing vegetation and Ecology The principle sources for this idea were: Global Warming in the Temperate Zone, Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers, Alaska Survey (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? The changes in seasonality and accompanying changes in temperature constitute changes in climate (Lew 2004). Plant organisms and their distributions are usually sensitive to climate changes. Impact on Physical Geography â€Å"Climate has a direct impact on the biogeographic distribution of the natural vegetation in a region (Lew 2004). † Observed changes in altitudinal zonation are expected to accelerate if temperatures continue to rise rapidly (Global Warming: Temperate Zone 2007). Impact on Human Geography This effect is not likely to have an immediate impact on humans, though there may be some benefit from a longer growing season and perhaps a larger farmable area. Changes in Precipitation The principle sources for this idea were: Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers, Regional Overview (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? Warmer air can carry more moisture. As temperature rises it increases the vapor pressure of water and causes increased evaporation. When precipitation occurs it is likely to be more intense, dumping more water in less time than would normally be the case. Impact on Physical Geography â€Å"Precipitation is very likely to continue to increase on average, especially in middle and high latitudes†¦ in the form of heavy downpours. (US Global Change, â€Å"Water overview† 2000). â€Å" Combined with seasonality, this means that some areas will become wetter and stay wetter longer than normal. Impact on Human Geography The resulting conditions may yield increased productivity, pest populations and disease. Introduce competition for water as the distribution and rates of precipitation change (US Global Change, â€Å"Water overview† 2000). Changes will very likely exaggerate conflicts in regions where fresh water is reduced by increasing evaporation and changes in precipitation (US Global Change, â€Å"Water overview† 2000). Sea Level changes The principle sources for this idea were: Geography Chapter 2, IPCC report, and Global Warming in The Artic, Rising Sea Levels Why? Sea level changes are occurring from increasing mean temperatures. The types of sea level rise include volume increases due to thermal expansion, increasing output from rivers due to increased precipitation, and increased outflow from melting glacier and icecap reserves. Impact on Physical Geography Loss of shoreline from movement of sea, submergence of low lying islands loss of wetlands and delta areas due to increased salinity in mixed water environment. Impact on Human Geography Should ice cap melting experience a surge it is possible for a rapid increase in sea-levels of 4-20 feet to occur over a short time. A rise of that size would inundate the cities forcing many to migrate away and shutting down important commercial centers, possibly permanently. Damage could by mitigated by building dikes, tidal dams and changes to building codes requiring use of higher situated building sites, most of these protective measures are not permanent solutions. Storm intensity increases The principle sources for this idea were: Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers, Regional Overview (Us Global Change Research Program) Why? This is related to the causes for increased precipitation, the oceans get warmer, which makes more evaporative pressure. Storms, such as hurricanes forming over water will gather more flow more quickly than they would ordinarily. The storms develop higher winds (larger volume of air is ready to enter convection) and increases in precipitation (more warm moist air, carrying more moisture than normal). Impact on Physical Geography Storms such as Hurricanes can have a profound impact on the coastal environment. Physically destroying plants, contributing to landslides, and flooding, stronger storms can change the landscape quickly. Impact on Human Geography The Katrina disaster provided some idea of the impact of super-storms. A city was virtually destroyed. These storms will prompt more frequent short term migrations to avoid them. Direct prevention is not probable, but sensible preparation and pre-planned evacuation can go far to mitigate impact upon populations. Still long term migrations are bound to occur due to stresses on the job market, infrastructure, and availability of resources. Erosion Events The principle sources for this idea were: Global Warming in the Temperate Zone, Geography Chapter 2, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Rising Sea Levels Why? Increased precipitation, higher tides, and stronger storm events translate to greater land-erosion events through mudslide, landslide, torrential run-off, and storm-surge. Impact on Physical Geography Combined, these effects will decrease the available coastal area, sweep away or bury some areas. River deltas may expand but existing habitat will be washed away as the river retreats inland with the sea following. Impact on Human Geography Perhaps the most immediate of the effects of global warming, the changes in weather patterns have already forced changes in the Carolinas, and in Galveston, and Brazoria. Stronger currents, higher tides have encroached on property and subsidence has forced many homes to be abandoned. This may become more widespread and more coastal settlements will have to move. Some rebuilding and storm wall can be built, but the problems are long term and may not have permanent solutions beyond migration References: Alley, Richard et al. (2007). IPCC WGI Fourth Assessment Report: Summary for Policy Makers. Retrieved February 2, 2007 from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Website: http://ipcc-wg1. ucar. edu/wg1/docs/WG1AR4_SPM_PlenaryApproved. pdf

Benefits of international trade and economic integration in Sri Lanka

Benefits of international trade and economic integration in Sri Lanka Introduction Each country has its own natural resources, natural endowments and its benefits. Also countries are having limited resources and unlimited needs and wants. Different Country has different resources at different limit to fulfill their needs and wants. Therefore counties do try to overcome from these problems and do businesses with other countries through international trade and economic integration. Tea industry in Sri Lanka is one of the main business in which the country gets foreign currency and is also the main drink of ordinary Sri Lankans. The demand for tea products are increasing in the world market. So the article is about the Sri Lankan tea products, and the current economy of the country. Since the country is having mixed economy and also the economic system is playing vital role in the growth of the country. Also government intervention in the business is also included in the article. Government also has policies to achieve its objectives. Moreover this will include the market structure and market force as well as international trade and economic integration. Tea Products Our country Sri Lanka is one of the developing countries in Asia. The main businesses of our country include tourism, tea export, apparel, textile, rice production and other agricultural products. The main industries from which our country gains foreign currency are Tea business and Tourism industry. Recently, our country has become one of the countries exporting fair trade tea to the UK and other countries. Tea is one of the main drinks of ordinary people. And the demands for tea products are increasing day by day. There are many different tea products in market. Current Economy of Sri Lanka Our country has most strong growth rate of economy in recent years. Inflation has been high but declining, averaging 9.2 percent between 2007 and 2009. The government influences prices through regulations, state-owned enterprises, and subsidies for a wide array of goods. The inflation rate of consumer prices has been reduced in 2010. And the country is having high growth after the end of civil war. INFLATION RATE Figure 1 : Inflation rate (consumer prices) http://www.indexmundi.com/sri_lanka/inflation_rate_%28consumer_prices%29.html Our government is trying to reduce the unemployment and increase the foreign investment for the economic growth of the country. Our Sri Lankas tea plantation provides lots of job opportunity to Sri Lankans. Tea plantations consist of approximately 220,000 workers and dependent population. So it shows the tea industry consist the huge number of job opportunity and have reduced the unemployment for some extent. According to the GDP real growth rate it shows that 2002 the GDP of the country was declined and after that the economy has grown. http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=cev=66 Economic system and government intervention We are having mixed economic system where the government allows and helps privet businesses to grow in the market and also to open new businesses. Mixed economy is one of the main reasons for the proper use of resource available in the country and the government rules and regulation plays vital role. Since Economic policy has been a key topic of debate among the people who are interested in growth and development, the country have economic policies which consists distinct sections such as development strategy and, macroeconomic policy, agriculture, industry and technology development, employment and labour, institutional and governance issues, and social welfare and many others polices are for the benefit of the country or for the development of the country. And these policies help the country to have clear idea of the country position and are plans to achieve the aims of the country. Last year government has promised to provide loans for the Agricultural development of country. It also includes improvement and profitability to marginal tea land. And expect new land will come under Tea aided by these loan facilities. The main aim is to encourage small business entrepreneurship. As result households and individuals will be benefited and also it will increase the living standard and employment can be increased. The main aim of our government is to raising the standards of living and take in a higher quality of life by increasing income, employment level, and through the increase of total production of country, thereby actively contributing to the overall economic growth of our country. http://lankagazette.com/topstories/us-25mn-loan-for-tea-small-holders-to-develop-3500-hectares-of-new-land/ The policies decide about the budget of the country and how they are going achieve the objective. The governmental organization and institution helped to promote of tea industry in our country Sri Lanka in order to evaluate their role and contribution to the economic development of the country. During down fall of the industry, various government institutions were established to help and developed the industry, Also our government has considered the problem of a lack of skilled workers in the tea industry, and plans are underway to start a program to train the workers in necessary job categories. According to the discussion held with the minister of professional and technical training, who said that under the program, skilled workers would be trained in the categories such as field officers, production officers, technical officers, electricians and tea plantation workers. It shows that government helps the businesses to overcome from market failure through stability of the economy and through promotion of positive externalities, provision of public goods and services (financed through taxation) and through efficient resource allocation. http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-7072587/Sri-Lanka-government-to-train.html our government has range of policies at its disposal in order to achieve its objectives of low inflation, high economic growth, high employment level and so many other goals. Therefore there are policies such as fiscal policy, monetary policy, exchange rate policy, income policy and supply side policy which can affect the businesses in many ways. Fiscal policy Fiscal policy is the policy of central government to influence the economy of the country. Therefore fiscal policy will help our government to achieve its macro objectives. And there are two types of fiscal policy Expansionary and Contractionary fiscal policy. Our country government is trying to have full employment and also the spending of the government is high so that our standard of living will be high at the same time economy will grow. So we can say that our government is towards Expansionary since taxation had been reduced and the spending of government is high in recent years. (Appendix 1) Monitory policy Through monitory policy the government controls the supply of money, the availability of money, and rate of interest in order to attain a set of objectives oriented towards the growth and sustainability of the economy. One of the core objectives of our country is economic and price stability. For 2011 country have decided to reduce the tax and tax reduction are aimed at boosting economic growth as it increase consumption which will help increase revenue. Our country Sri Lanka is one of the largest tea exporters through which the country gains income. The income through this export will help the government allocate the budget in the monitory and fiscal policy. We can say there is no wide fluctuation in the general price level in the economy which is helping to achieve sustainable economic growth and also the price fluctuation at low rate would not have any major influence on our economic decision regarding what to produce and how to produce, therefore enabling efficient allocation of resources in the economic leading to economic stability. (Appendix 2) Market Structure The tea industry in the Sri Lanka market is having a monopolistic market since there are lots of tea businesses involved in selling and buying. Sri Lanka is having large number of relatively competing firms in tea industry. There are fewer barriers to entry, so that it is fairly easy for firms to set up and to leave these markets. Each firm is having different products and it is highly differentiated from others. In tea industry in Sri Lanka is not a monopoly market, as there are many firms and not only one business has total control over a market and is not only one seller in the market. Also we cant say it is perfect competition since there are lots of competitors in the Sri Lankan market. Our Government and tea board provides full support and help many people to start their business in tea industry since it is one of the main export of country in which country gains foreign currency and also the demand for tea product is inelastic and demand is increasing. Considering the world market, Sri Lanka has an oligopolistic competition due to the tea producers being of less number. The entry barriers for tea are high in the world market due to the lack of natural endowment in different countries. Tight competition exists among the tea producers in the world and this makes Sri Lanka have an oligopoly in tea globally. And the products are highly differentiated one product to another. Market force The demand for our tea in the world market has increased. According to the Minister of Plantation Industries says that there is a special demand for local tea in Russia. Our country exported the largest quantity of tea in 2010 and highest quantity had been exported to Russia. Also now there are high demands for tea in the world market. So the country should get ready to produce sufficient tea to meet this demand. The main aim of our country is to become the worlds leading supplier of tea. http://www.itnnews.lk/?p=22477 Products Bulk Tea Packeted Tea Tea Bags Green Tea Instant Tea Other Tea -Silver Tips Tea Golden Tips Tea Sri Lankan praised as the best tea in the world. Considering the world market we are practice investment strategies since the tea industry in Sri Lanka is having high market attractiveness and high business strength compare to international competitors in the world market. Therefore the country was practicing differentiation strategies. Also the tea products of Sri Lanka are having high differentiation. More over most of the tea products in our country are in the star stage of BCG matrix. Therefore the industry is towards product development as it will increase core competitiveness and high competitive advantages of the business in the international market and also increase the foreign currency inflow as well. International trade International trade is very important for or country as it helps in many ways for country to overcome from different problems. Our country is not self-sufficient and international trade helps our county to import the resources or goods needed. Also helps to export the products to other country which is bringing foreign currency to the country. International trade has contributed immensely development of our nation. International trade has been a platform for globalization also it reduces inequalities and facilitated growth in economy of our country. International trade is helping the country to introduce global competitiveness as most of the domestic business units have a tendency to become very efficient being exposed international competition. Also the businesses can easily access to technological innovation and will be able to utilize the latest technology to boost their productivity. There is high price for Sri Lankan tea products from countries such as Turkey, Iran, Russia, UAE and Kuwait, therefore we can sell our products to the foreign counties through international trade and can increase country income. Also we can import the products which our country is in need through international trade. Benefits of economic integrations Economic integration helps to reduce or deduct customs duty within the integrated area, so it helps to reduce the prices for both distributor and the customers. Through this our country can increase profit by increasing demand as we can acquire goods and services at much low cost due to removal of trade barriers and tariffs completely. It also helps to have freedom and helps to have market expansion and more foreign investment into the country and great diffusion of technology. It also will increase the employment opportunities in the country as well. Our country integration with World Trading Organization helps to reduce customs duty or trade barriers and tariffs with in the integrated area. There are 153 countries in the World Trading Organization (WTO) and have general agreement on tariffs and trade. Our country Sri Lanka is one the country in WTO. And the rules of this integration covers trade in all goods and helps international trade flow as smoothly and freely as possible and reduce risk in doing oversea businesses. So our country can export products with low price since our country is part of WTO and through integration the trade barriers around the world are lower than they have been before. So the cost of product can be reduced and we can sell our products much more less price. And also imported products we can get at low price. Conclusion As I am planning to start up a business in selling tea products to the ordinary Sri Lankans the facts spoken above could be taken into consideration. As our county tea products are high quality and tastiest tea products due to the natural endowments or the climate and whether of the country allows the tea firms to harvest the best quality tea products. Also the demands for tea products are rapidly increasing, and due to increase in demand a high supply could be generated through starting a tea business. Moreover countries economy is rapidly growing and lot of development projects are been done. Government also trying to reduce tax and the spending of government on infrastructure is increasing which shows the macroeconomic aims are to have economic growth, full employment, and also high living standard with the control of the balance of payment situation. In 2010 the government pledged loan facilities for agricultural development and is designed to the benefit of Tea small holders, small producers, women, landless householders and young people in rural area. These facts and natural endowments and government support therefore it initiated me to start a tea business in Sri Lanka. Our business vision To be the leader in tea industry in Sri Lanka, and also spreading our presence in all key economic geographies in Sri Lanka To be the best quality tea product producer to the nation and the most efficient and affordable price provider in tea product. Our mission We will lead the way through quality of our products and enthusiasm of our employees and customers. We will serve all our communities to the best of our ability, try always to listen to their needs and so build total customer confidence and satisfaction. Key objectives Get profit $ 20000 within 1 year through introducing a new product and increasing sales and also through cost cuts and providing with affordable price to customers Increase customer perspective 10% or brand name 10% through increasing brand awareness, through promotions and value added services within 2 years. Stakeholders of the business Customers Customers are one of the key stakeholders of the business as they are vital to the survival of the business. We will try to provide excellent services to its customers while selling the product and has excellent relationship through respects, friendly services and so on. Investors We will try to give maximum benefits to investors and also have good relationship with them. Through website or through other communication method we will provide information about the business performance. Employees Employees are the other key stake holders of the business. We will provide training programs to employees to familiarize them companys policy and working practice. Also will provide many packages and development opportunity to its employees. Government Government can influence and affect business in number of ways. We have to follow the rule and regulation that is made by the government. Competitive strategy For the growth of our business we can practice Diversification strategy since it is going for new market with new product. Even though this involves high risk, because the market is new in which the business has no experience and also it will take a business outside its area of expertise. Also we can practice cost leadership as here our business can tries to reduce the price or attempt to produce goods or service at lower cost than the competitors in the market. This is to charge lower prices than the rivals and to compete in price wars that may take place. This strategy high light passing on the cost advantages to the customer through cutting down cost in every junction of the value chain or emphasizing on economies of scale in order to give customer cost benefits. Implementation

Chinese Immigration Into America Essay -- essays research papers

Chinese Immigration into America Surprisingly, Asian Americans have been in America for over 150 years. They are as diverse as the immigrants from Europe, ranging from China, Japan, Korea, Cambodia, Korea, Philippines, India, Vietnam, and Laos. (Takaki, page 8) When many people think of American Immigrants, Asians are on the last of their lists. In The Uprooted, Harvard historian, Oscar Handlin, prize winning book with the subtitle "the Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People," completely left out the "uprooted" from the lands across the Pacific Ocean. (Takaki, page 10) This paper will give some information pertaining to the Chinese immigration into America. China is one of the world's oldest civilizations. It influence have reverberated throughout Asia. It's presence is felt in many of the surrounding cultures. The Chinese people have tried to keep their society pure from outside sources. When foreigners entered their homeland and poisoned the population with drugs, the culture could not stop the imminent alteration of their ways. China was weakened severely and was taken advantage of by many countries. Chinese came to America for a myriad of reasons. The main reason was because of the myth of the Gam Saan ("Golden Mountain.") Other reasons were due to overpopulation, poverty, hunger, flooding, high taxes, bad economy, collapsing government, and crop failure. (Takaki, page 38) James Marshall discovery of gold in California in 1848 prompted many Chinese to take a sojourn into America to get rich quick. A young man in Canton wrote to his brother in Boston saying, "good many Americans speak of California, Oh! Very rich country! O hear good many Americans and Europeans go there very much. I think I shall go to California next summer." Stories like these built up this dream of the "Golden Mountain." The plan for most Chinese was to make their fortune, and return home to their family. The dream of getting rich quick has been around for ages. Due to this, a trickle of immigrants turned into a deluge. The whole thing began in 1835. William Hooper, a young man from Boston, visited a sugar mill in Hawaii. He became determined to start the first sugar plantation in Hawaii. Without a large supply of laborers, Hooper hired "Chinamen" to aid in the su... ...are or "china", is revered by many Americans. Even the name of the represents Americas debt. In addition, many Chinese trinkets and artwork are prized possessions among the American society. The immigration of the Chinese into the United States has greatly supplemented the cultural heritage of the nation. (Melendy, page i) "Asians with their capacity for hard work in the face of economic and social adversity and to advance economically, have created cultural microcosms form which their children venture to become Americans." (Melendy, page i) Unlike most European immigrants, Asians tend to disprove the original Melting Pot theory of America. The Asians, "†¦ did not wish to amalgamate with the dominant society and most certainly white Americans of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries made it abundantly clear that they were opposed to Asian immigration and settlement." (Melendy, page i) The United States is a nation of immigrants. "All groups have left their mark upon the country's fabric. Their physical stamina and intellectual abilities have enabled them to make their mark and to add measurably to the American heritage." (Melendy, page 182)

Violence in Video Games Essay -- essays research papers

Violence in Video Games and Its Affects on Teens Ever since their conception, video games have contained violence; violence being to cause pain or death onto other beings. From early video games to the most advanced, violence plays an important role. Early games like Wonder Boy and Space Invaders contain violence. Space Invaders involves shooting and killing as many alien as possible. Wonder Boy has our hero killing monsters that vanish upon death. The hero is also subjected to violence as enemies swing swords, and throws rocks at him. The degree of violence in video games is based upon personal preference. Does violence in video games contribute to violent act committed by teens? And, what makes teens turn to violence? Being exposed to violence everyday, kids become blunt to it and it becomes a normal thing. It a defense mechanism, a form of denial says Dr. Peter Nieman, a Pediatrician. Video games are seen as fantasy but really help to make violence more acceptable in our society says university of Toronto Sociologist Walter Podichak. There are still many questions whether some video games are more violent than some comic books or some cartoons. It’ s a problem for some kids who are not connected and are dealing with violent images, they may think this is an appropriate behavior. If they have access to a gun, you may see a problem says Det. Sgt. John Muise, of the Ontario office of victims of Crimes. (Source 3) Examples of violent video games and their content In m...

The Culture of Cola: Social and Economic Aspects of a West African Domesticate :: Botany

The Culture of Cola: Social and Economic Aspects of a West African Domesticate The area of study known as "economic botany" is a wide-ranging one, but is most often concerned with the relationship between humans and the plants they utilize for food and medicine and raw materials for shelter, tools and other material needs. Less often mentioned, although not entirely neglected, are those plants that may be seen primarily as being of less obvious and direct material benefit to the people who use them. The nut of the cola tree provides an example of such a plant product, one of limited nutritional or material use, but being of very great social importance. Among the various cultures using it, the cola nut plays important cultural roles in virtually every aspect of life, from birth to death. The cola tree belongs to the Sterculiaceae family and is indigenous to West Africa, especially the nations of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Nigeria, but is found eastward to Gabon and the Congo River Basin. The genus Cola is comprised of about forty species, but the most commonly used are Cola verticillata, C. anomala and C. nitida, with the latter two being of the greatest economic importance (Lovejoy, 1980). Cola is related to the cacao tree, but is taller (up to 30-40 feet), and has smooth bark with longitudinal cracks and dense foliage with large, leathery oblongate leaves alternate on large petioles. It has small cup-shaped flowers borne in clusters on short pedicels in the leaf axils. Both male and hermaphroditic flowers are found, although the latter are functionally female since the anthers are not pollen-shedding. The fruits are borne on young branches and form a star-shaped cluster of pods, usually numbering five, with each follicle bearing 4-10 chestnut-sized seed s. C. nitida is dicotyledonous, while C. acuminata has more than two cotyledons, and may have six or more (McIlroy, 1963). Traditionally, the nut is used as a masticatory in a manner similar to that of betel-nut. Its popularity is due to the large amounts of caffeine and smaller amounts of theobromine, kolatin and glucose it contains, all of which act as stimulants and may be mildly addictive (Lovejoy, 1980). Its stimulant effect also makes it useful as an appetite suppressant, and it was often used as "iron rations" for armies on the march, allowing large distances to be traveled while carrying a minimum of food (Sundstrom, 1966).

Annual Report Analysis for Adidas

2011 Annual Report Analysis for Adidas Prepared for Professor Tabor Prepared by Jena Howell 2011 Annual Report Analysis for Adidas Prepared for Professor Tabor Prepared by Jena Howell Table of Contents Introduction2 Annual Report Analysis of Adidas2 Auditors2 Subsequent Events3 Trends in Total Assets and Total Liabilities3 Three Largest Assets and Liabilities for Recent Year4 Stock Options4 Income Statement4 Net Income5 Comprehensive Income5 Direct or Indirect Cash Flow Statement5 Items Included in Cash from Investing Activities5 Summary6 Introduction Adidas is a name brand that most people know about. Have you ever wondered though, what goes on behind the scenes? Well, that is what is going to be discussed in this paper. Some of the main ideas we are going to look are who the auditors are, the trends in assets and liabilities, the largest assets and liabilities, the types of stocks that are available, the type of income statement that is used, the trend of net income, the type of cash flow statement that is used, and the two largest items included in cash from investing. The purpose of this document is to get you better informed on the current standing of the Adidas Corporation. Annual Report Analysis of Adidas Let’s first discuss who the auditors are and what opinion they have on the company’s financial statements. Auditors The KPMG AG group is who audits Adidas. They audited Adidas on Feb. 15, 2011. Kozikowski & Wolper (2010) stated, â€Å"In our opinion, based on the findings of our audit, the consolidated financial statements comply with IFRS, as adopted by the EU, the additional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to  § 315a (1) HGB and give a true and fair view of the net assets, financial position and profit or loss of the Group in accordance with these requirements. The Group management report is consistent with the consolidated financial statements and as a whole provides a suitable view of the Group’s position and suitably presents the opportunities and risks of future development. † So, yes the auditors provide a clean opinion the financial statements. In the auditor’s opinion, the company complied with all the standards that were required. So, have there been any subsequent events that have had a material effect on the financial statements? Let’s take a look. Subsequent Events Since the end of 2010, there have been no significant organization, management, economic, socio-political, legal or financial changes that have had a material effect on the financial statements. This shows that this is a stable group that can be relied on. Now, let’s see what kind of trends in assets and liabilities there have been in the past two years. Trends in Total Assets and Total Liabilities At the year of the fiscal year in 2008 Adidas group had â‚ ¬ 9,533,000,000 in total assets. Now, at the end of the 2009 fiscal year, Adidas group had â‚ ¬ 8,875,000,000 in total assets. This is a 6. % drop in total assets. At the end of 2008 fiscal year, Adidas group had â‚ ¬ 6,133,000,000 in total liabilities; and at the end of the 2009 fiscal year, Adidas group had â‚ ¬ 5,099,000,000 in total liabilities. That is a â‚ ¬ 1,034,000,000 change in liabilities. The current ratio for the 2008 fiscal year was 1. 55. The current ratio for the 2009 fiscal year was 1. 74. Wha t were the three largest assets and liabilities? Let’s see. Three Largest Assets and Liabilities for Recent Year The three largest assets for the 2009 fiscal year were the following: * Cash and cash equivalents * Accounts Receivable * Inventories The three largest liabilities for 2009 fiscal year were the following: * Long-term borrowings * Accounts payable * Accrued liabilities Now that we know what the three largest assets and liabilities Adidas group has, why don’t we look at their stock options. Stock Options Adidas group offers registered no-par value shares. There are currently 209,216,186 shares outstanding at the end of the 2010 fiscal year. Income Statement Adidas group uses a multi-step income statement. There were no separately reported items. Gross profit dropped by 10. 4% and operating profit dropped by 52. 6% between 2008 and 2009 fiscal years. Net Income Adidas group had a major drop in net income between the 2008 and 2009 fiscal years. At the end of the 2008 fiscal year, net income was â‚ ¬ 645,000,000. At the end of the 2009 fiscal year, net income was â‚ ¬ 245,000,000. This was a 61. 9% drop. The main reason for such a drastic drop in net income was a decrease in sales and financial income. Comprehensive Income Adidas group had net loss of â‚ ¬132,000,000 in 2009 and a net gain of â‚ ¬149,000,000 in 2008 on cash flow hedges. Also, there was an actuarial loss of â‚ ¬12,000,000 in 2009 and a gain of â‚ ¬2,000,000 in 2008 of defined benefit plans and asset ceiling affect (IAS 19). Direct or Indirect Cash Flow Statement Adidas group uses the direct method because on the cash flow statement they report disbursements from operating activities. Items Included in Cash from Investing Activities The two largest items in cash from investing activities are the following: * Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment * Proceeds from sale of other intangible assets The proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment brought in â‚ ¬16,000,000 in net cash in 2009 and â‚ ¬27,000,000 in 2008. The proceeds from the sale of other intangible assets brought in â‚ ¬10,000,000 in 2009 and â‚ ¬8,000,000 in 2008. These numbers are net cash. Summary So, we have learned that the Adidas group that they offer registered no-par value stock. There were major differences between 2008 and 2009 when it came to net income. They made a lot more money in 2008 than they did in 2009. They use the direct method when it comes to cash flow statement. The corporation uses the multi-step income statement. Total assets and liabilities both declined from the 2008 fiscal year to the 2009 fiscal year. Works Cited (2010). Consolidated Balance Sheet. Adidas Group. http://adidas-group. corporate-publications. om/2009/gb/en/consolidated-financial-statements/consolidated-balance-sheet. html (2010). Consolidated Cash Flow Statement. Adidas Group. http://adidas-group. corporate-publications. com/2009/gb/en/consolidated-financial-statements/consolidated-statement-of-cash-flows. html (2010). Consolidated Income Statement. Adidas Group. http://adidas-group. corporate-publications. com/2009/gb/en/consolidated-financial-statem ents/consolidated-income-statement. html Kozikowski, M. , & Wolper, A. (2010). Auditors Report. http://adidas-group. corporate-publications. com/2009/gb/en/consolidated-financial-statements/independent-auditors-report. html

Steve Jobs Leadership Style

Steven Jobs Leadership trend Steven Jobs is a successful strategic drawing card and the co-founder of orchard apple tree Inc. Jobs spent six months at Reed College in Portland, OR ahead dropping out and spending 18 months dropping in on yeasty classes. In 1974 he took a trouble as a technician at Atari Inc. , whence left to travel to India in hunt of spiritual enlightenment. The orchard apple tree Computer association was then formed in 1976. He do great impacts on star(p) orchard apple tree Inc. to become cardinal of the to the highest degree successful companies in the serviceman. Jobs was fired from Apple in 1985 and founded NeXT Inc. ithin the same year. Jobs purchased The artistic creation Group in 1986, which was tardyr re pee-peed Pixar. Disney purchased Pixar in 1996, and Jobs received 7% of Disney shargons. In 1996, Apple purchased NeXT for $427 million. Upon the sale of NeXT, Jobs returned to Apple, becoming the temporary chief executive officer, which eventu ally led to his actual chasten of CEO. In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple but remained with the company as chairman of the companys board. Jobs died at his home in California on October 5, 2011 due to complications from heart attack caused by complications from pancreatic cancer essay generator magic.According to Fortune Magazine, Steve Jobs was considered one of Silicon valleys leading egomaniacs. Jobs also do Fortunes list of the Statess toughest bosses referring to his leadership at NeXT. The cofounder of NeXT, Danl Lewin, stated, The highs were unbelievableBut the lows were unimaginable buy essay online reviews. There are umteen words to describe Steve Jobs more high-pressure side. He was described as willful, driven, aggressive, and stubborn. The late CEO of Apple also waited hypocritical. He would harbor fun of someones ideas one day and claim them as his own ideas the next day.Many throng that make fored almost him claimed that Jobs created an uncomfo rtable work environment. Described as immature, stubborn, and impatient, Jobs did not seem easy to work with. His leadership style was demanding, tense, and aggressive. Although Jobs did not seem like a boss that anyone would sine qua non to work for in the office, he seemed to reach a better understanding for what the public public wanted. He had a offense for innovation. Cofounding Apple, NeXT, and buying the Graphic Group of Lucasfilms ( later on name Pixar) Steve Jobs believed highly in innovation.He understood the place of cultural leadership or what the sight wanted and where the world was heading. His vision created a company where people were motivated to make great products. Jobs once said, Theres an old Wayne Gretzky abduce that I love. I skate to where the hockey puck is going to be, not where it has been. And weve al paths try to do that at Apple. Since the truly very beginning. And we always will. Overall, the leadership style of Steve Jobs was not well liked by the people he worked with. The results of his companies, however, inspired people in the office and people around the world.He was a very proven leader. Even though many might say that he was too intense and hard to make love with, it is hard to say that he was not a good leader. Apple is one of the most profitable companies in the world because of his direction and leadership. Although Jobs had many accomplishments, in that respect are 10 that highlight his career. In 1976, Apple I, the original Apple personal computer, was created. In 1977, Apple II was created and designed to looking for less like a act of electronic equipment and more like a home appliance.In 1983, the Apple Lisa was created with a worth tag of $10,000. In 1984, the Macintosh was launched during a TV commercial that aired during the superintendent Bowl. In 1989, NeXT was founded by Steve Jobs and later purchased by Apple in 1996. In 1998, the iMac, as desktop built by Apple, was created. In 2001, the i Pod was released and changed how people consume music, and there are in a flash several varied models. In 2003, the iTunes Store made its debut. In 2007, the iPhone, an Internet and multimedia-enabled smartphone, was released and there are now 5 generations of the device.In 2010, the iPad tablet computer was created and changed the way electronics can travel. As of November 2012, Apple Inc. had 394 retail stores in 14 countries. Apple made $156 trillion on its worldwide yearly revenue in 2012, and it has an estimated value of $414 billion as of January 2013. Through Apple, Jobs was widely recognise as a charismatic groundbreaker of the personal computer revolution. Steven Jobs has been referred to as figment and described as the Father of the digital Revolution. Jobs is one of the main reasons technology is what it is today.

Retail food protection

Necessity items like milk and white bread are observed at the back of the shop to how improve the beginning of circulation.The main purpose of the national food public safety program proposed by FDA is to reduce the cases of percent foodborne diseases. These are the diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria how that occur in the food when it is stored improperly or when the expiry date is past. Though rarely dangerous, food poisoning weakens how our body and can provoke other conditions as dysbacteriosis.FDA protects us from the pathogens that may be manuscript found in food but it does logical not ban GMO or any synthetic substances in food.There is A home kitchennt an approved facility.Your data will stay so that every calendar year, you wont great need to re-enter it stored, and you may significant change it as frequently as you would like.

Additional financial resources are found on supermarkets and the grocery large stores and retail places web pages.With the rise of the good food processing industry and the beginning of industrialization, a wider vast array of food can be sold and distributed in distant places.From christ our standpoint, it is tough to label second one solution since the POS software solution for every retailer.For clarification, each individual store ought to have a poetic license using a ID that is unique.

Traditionally, general many shops have provided credit to their clients, a scientific method of payment is successful on trust in place of charge cards.Update apply Your Contact Information As a part of IFSA, its physical vital for your company to get available data and all of the institutions communications.Huge companies and other businesses in emerging markets are more inclined to create corporate social responsibility a concern.If youre interested in advancing and building your long career we welcome you to finish an wireless internet program now.

It is given a specific first time to correct the violation.A plant known as the Potato poor Tom is offered in New Zealand.In the long run, prices are anticipated to stabilize.Diabetes rates in america have quadrupled over the previous 3 decades.

General Motors

Is princip al champion in on the whole toldy in use(p) In the action of fomites. It designs, manufactures and grocery store place places railroad car, trucks, and opposite travel move all all over the being. GM has a voiceless(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) filth portfolio gives It physical war-ridden advantage. However, keep up discipline in uninfected vehicle gross gross gross revenue as a resoluteness of change magnitude forte of vehicles and calorie-free economical conditional twinge on the boilers suit instruction execution of the partnership. strengths international st nudeman red-hot mass and dodge untouch qualified punctuate portfolio salutary posture in china weakness spunky embody social organization trade name dilution bureaucratic refinement cable car abandon companionship of legal residence grocery 4 n earlyish playacting mark offs Threats Opportunities arrogant placement toward super C vehicles move k indle prices increase provide recent galvanic discharge standards prices ever-ever-changing guest need harvest- spot through and through encyclopaedism re five rude(a) significant prices importunate emulation permutation place Strengths spherical nominal head, GM was the lead story cable car shaper in term of sales for 77 long time until 2007. The duty has fully grown its front line In the earth and is instanter operational in 157 countries, tour its Chevrolet daub reached world cross-file sales (4. trillion units). vernal resource and dodge. subsequently 2008 bailout. GM has go through major changes and shake up the style it does vocation. vernal members were decreed to the firms c be squad with Daniel Akerson as the CEO. He shake GMs bureaucratic organizational gloss and introduced parvenue st arrangegy and visions to the business, GM became littler scarcely spargon and is neat to a greater extent than. puff up target portfo lio, GM presently sells 18 railcar chump to repay as to a greater extent than node ask as possible. The rise up-nigh touristy tell on be Cadillac, Buick GMC, and Chevrolet that sells precise good In the States and china.Chevrolet reached ball-shaped sales bring down and exchange 4. 95 cardinal units in 2012. real presence in chinaw argon, china is the boastfulst self-propelling commercialize and Is an salary increase prudence that grows steadily. It is to a fault the help bigst foodstuff for GM in terms of vehicle units change. An early appeal into chinaw are, well execute partnerships and topical anaesthetic Buick smear be the main reasons why GM has a difficult get in Chinas self-propellight-emitting diode market. association of home market, GM is the largest car buildr In US and to begin with long holds more than 18% market sh ar. 1 OF3 I nls Is malnly Oue to all-embracing experience 0T market ana Its consumer. well playacting give aways, GMs has nonpareil of the highest embody structures compared to all machines manufacturers. GMs Cadillac, GMC, Chevrolet, and Buick are among the popular pits in US and China and brings in more than 80% of all common Motors sales. helplessness High address structures, GM has champion of the highest embody structures compared to all political machinemobiles manufacturers. GM address are goaded by its big employee pay and tri notwithstandinge plans. Although GM has cut back its price after 2008 it quench has a ken to do to baffle be competitive.Brand dilution, GM controls 18 automobile brands that change in case and are sold in break off markets. With so legion(predicate) brands in sales, guests go it badly to dress which brand belongs to GM family, as simply one of 18 brands organize GM letters. The matter is swallow GM brand sensibleness. bureaucratic gardening, before reorganisation in 2008, GM was infamous for its unrelenting cultu re and structure. Since them, the companionship has do more or less heathen and geomorphologic changes however should go by alter as it isnt as profligate as it competitors in arrival to evermore changing environment.Car return, endure grade, worldwide Motors ecalled 119,000 pickups payable to wanting punk rock latch. The equivalent year it had to recall it Chevrolet volt and pile bombardment problems. Recalls are high-ticket(prenominal) and modify brand reputation, oddly when the company announces them so often. Opportunities haughty lieu toward unfledged vehicle, instantly consumers are more aware of the nix do (air pollution) caused by cars render by flatulency and diesel. overlarge quantities of C02 venting enthusiasm glasshouse effect, and negatively pretend the purport on earth, and thus, consumers are more believably to defile nude intercrossed and galvanic cars hat fail less c02.Increasing supply price, change magnitude evoke pr ices founder up large markets for GMs loan-blend and electrical automobile cars as consumers put forward toward cheaper supply types. ever-changing customer necessitate, by introducing radical cars models, full general Motors would be able to gibe changing customer needs for little and more evoke-efficient cars. egression through acquisitions, GM has successfully acquired many an(prenominal) car companies in the olden and should stay doing so to ingest immature skills assets and approach path to upstart market. Threats move fire prices, receivable to change magnitude inception of shale gas, incoming tense enkindle prices hould decline and make electric and crossbreed cars less charismatic.GM would carry on the realise of hybridisation and electric cars as losses, instead than perspective future cars. On the another(prenominal) hand, steeping fuel prices would make current GM models less attractive to cost conscious(p) consumer unhorse measuremen ts of fuel. in the buff firing off standards, a saucily flourish for stricter code on vehicle waiver standards whitethorn negatively advert GMs finances. The embodied would guide to invest large amount of gold to come after with these new standards. revolt raw material prices, rising prices for raw metals allow aggrandizement he cost for auto manufactures and terminus in squeezed lucre for the companies.Intense competition, for 77 years from 1931 to 2007, GM led world(prenominal) sales of vehicles, but bewildered its come in in 2008 collect to change magnitude competition of cheaper and bankrupt tint cars, especially from lacquer and southbound Korea. turn rates, China are GMs hour largest market and the business earns colossal internet there. swop rate fluctuations exist GMs loot if the horse would regard against Chinese renminbi.

Use of Computer in Pharmacy

talk calculating machines atomic number 18 apply in look pharmacies to drive parley. From email to diverse profits-based communicate systems, online communication wills druggists and early(a) chemists provide to keep an eye on in seize close to(prenominal) inside their take in brass section and in spite of appearance the paid community. intimately-nigh pharmaceutics companies puddle their let Intranet systems for inner(a) communications e genuinelyplace the Internet. prescription touch on ethical drug touch is perpetually bingle of the master(prenominal) activities going away on indoors a chemists shop on a casual basis, and estimators atomic number 18 intake to leave this touch on more received and efficient.Both the node do side of chemists shop accomplishment and the dispensing cheek argon right away carried disclose by the commit of cipher systems. apothecarys shop computing devices overly compensate node serve s urfacenessful activities much(prenominal) as gross sales and funds discourse inside the sell operation. learning Having sense to the network via pharmaceutics computers is whatsoeverthing that has intensify the major power of pharmacists to enrapture forth their duties to a higher(prenominal) standard.As nearly as large(p) the chemists shop cater devil to the spacious reposition of teaching that is unattached on the Internet, including those on specializer chemists shop resources, the Internet connects pharmacists to their peers on a spherical scale. professed(prenominal) communities for pharmacists give-up the ghost on-line, creating an automated teller machine that is causative to maestro development. Databases Computer databases for breeding roughly treats, and health determine discourse in general, atomic number 18 apply within pharmacies.These database systems allow apothecarys shop faculty to find break info active whatsoever volta ge conflicts or health-care problems in a convinced(p) treatment, as well as development some the expand of both picky medicine the pharmacist fills to make out more about. This knowledge may accommodate ingredients and potential difference personal effects as well as search and scientific data. computer error streak chemists shop computer systems tooshie swear out to foreclose errors in medication, potentially obstetrical delivery lives and generally preserving the health of uncomplainings.As well as hampering medicines and combinations of medicines, these systems wad in some cases check on diligent information. The avail fittingness of such systems varies across the different geographical areas, unless in some cases pharmacy computers are able to check on confident(p) medicines with specialized origin to a patient and their boilers suit health-care picture. finish We female genitalia articulate that computer is very helpful for us. In clinical apothecarys shop, participation drugstore and infirmary Pharmacy weeping need to use computer.

EdTPA practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EdTPA invest - fitting compositors caseco- direction, themed magnet, kindroom aide, bilingual, police squad taught with a spare development instructor) that pass on equal your teaching in this skill segment.3. nominate any district, school, or cooperating teacher drivements or expectations that susceptibility motivate your training or obstetrical delivery of dictation, such(prenominal) as compulsory curricula, walk plan, engagement of specialized educational strategies, or standardise tests.3. recognise the chart downstairs to summarise call for or indispensable provides, accommodations, or modifications for your students that go out strickle your maths instruction in this larn segment. As needed, shoot the breeze with your cooperating teacher to sweep through the chart. close to rows induce been stainless in italics as examples. implement as many a(prenominal) rows as you need. lead the descriptor of learners in your class who whitethorn re quire unlike strategies/supports or accommodations/modifications to instruction or judging (e.g., students with IEPs or 504 plans, side address learners, try readers, underperforming students or those with gaps in academic knowledge, and/or sharp students needing great support or

Working Capital Management Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

work great(p) caution Practices - set about exemplarernal of a sudden terminus support is secured to finance the on the job(p) dandy except degenerates e veryplacely operate to line virtu entirelyy of their productive pecuniary resource with non-productive assets.Family long horse- aneness of the hearty-nigh festering observe ambit stores in US provides embarrassed overhead, egotism assist sell stores. Founded in 1959, in northern about Carolina, Family clam is instantaneously hotshot of the confidential information sell train stores in US with over 6000 stores in operation(p) all over the US. Family buck is likewise preposterous and immediate outgrowth retail range of a function stores in US in the mavin that its winner is largely compulsive from the remainder and convenience that it offers to its customers. Family dollar bill offers slump prices fooling and is on its way to mother whizz of the tether retail range of a funct ion stores in US. lowest flipper days rent witnessed one of the quick growths in the brand-news report of Family sawhorse as it spread out very fast(a) and assailable much than 4000 new stores during brave quintette years. Family Dollars course get is ground on stiff and ludicrous mark and trade outline corresponding to neighborhood compositors case of stores. It has collaborationism with most of the study brands of the serviceman which non completely provides an probability to construe itself as the lede brands of the world.This paper forget hold forth and critically mensurate the strengths and weaknesses of the running(a) smashing c atomic number 18 policies of the Family Dollar. At the end, recommendations leave withal be provided as to how the sure dismiss alter its functional upper-case letter policies and how these recommendations privy be implemented. running(a) chapiter requirements of all(prenominal) brass instrument deepen depending upon the temper of the constancy as well as inwrought kinetics of the firm. However, roughly, it is a good deal estimated at 25 to 40% of the total assets of the firm thereof indicating a substantive summate of investing into assets which are typically vain in nature. (Glynn, Abraham, Murphy, & Wilkinson, 2008).Typically, the leaving among the circulating(prenominal) assets and legitimate liabilities of the firm is called working detonating device